Definition of prostate adenoma

Adenoma is experienced by patients who have reached the age of 43 years. Most often, this pathology occurs due to hormonal imbalance.

Definition of pathology

What is an adenoma? Adenoma is a benign neoplasm formed in the glandular epithelium. Such a tumor can form in any organ that is covered with muscle cells. There are several types of adenomas, which differ in growth characteristics, localization and structure.

The disease is classified according to the area affected.

Where can a tumor form

A tumor can form in any glandular organ. For example, an adenoma is found in the mammary glands, thyroid gland, and pancreas. Adenoma affects the stomach, uterus, lungs, bronchi, intestines, throat, stomach.

When a tumor occurs in the pituitary gland, patients complain of headaches, decreased libido, massive acne eruptions.

Adenoma of the thyroid gland occurs against the background of hormonal imbalance. At the same time, lethargy, a sharp decrease in body weight are noted.

The most common type of adenoma is prostate adenoma. In men, it is manifested by frequent urination, cloudy urine, constipation.

Such a benign mass can occur in the lungs. A person develops shortness of breath, cough, and a whistle is heard during breathing.

For what reasons can an adenoma occur

Doctors do not have a complete explanation of the occurrence of adenoma. However, the risk group of patients who develop this pathology consists of people with hormonal imbalances. In addition, the older people get, the more often they are susceptible to the development of benign education.

The risk of developing the disease increases with:

• obese;
• genetic predisposition;
• alcohol addiction;
• smoking;
• not eating healthy.
• There is no data on the relationship of prostate adenoma with sexual activity, inflammation, orientation.

Symptoms

Initially, with adenoma, there are no symptoms. This is usually observed in the first stage of the disease. With an increase in the tumor, the pathology begins to manifest itself. The severity of the symptom depends on where the tumor has formed.

For example, prostate adenoma is marked by a weakened stream during the emptying of urea. The most unpleasant symptomatology appears when the size of the neoplasm becomes very large. In this case, squeezing of adjacent organs, nerve roots occurs. With a hormonally active adenoma, the level of any hormones increases.

Clinical picture of tumors localized in different organs

Localization in the stomach and intestines

Adenoma in the stomach and intestines is formed from the cellular epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. The risk group includes people over the age of 45. However, even childhood is no exception for the occurrence of adenoma in the gastrointestinal tract.

The main reason for the development of the disease is gastritis, especially if it is aggravated by an unhealthy diet that has factors. Some scientists believe that genetic predisposition plays an important role.

Adenoma in the digestive tract is called polyposis, it is asymptomatic and is detected by pure chance. The enlargement of the formations is marked by obstruction of the stomach. Most often, the obstruction provokes bleeding.

Gastrointestinal adenomas are:

• tabular - with a branched, glandular structure;
• villous - with a velvety surface;
• tubular-villous - combined signs of both types of adenomas;
• serrated - with serrated structure.

Medical therapy is used in any case, since neoplasms can degenerate from a benign ailment into a malignant one.

Most often, adenomas are removed by surgery. When multiple polyposis is found, loop electrocautery is used.

Breast adenoma

Fibrous adenoma of the mammary glands is detected by self-diagnosis. The formation has a smooth structure with clear contours, it can move. Sometimes tumors grow rapidly. Adenoma formation occurs in the female body as a single or multiple.

Upon self-discovery, women grope for a dense nodular formation. In some cases, the tumor may be large-lumpy. The color of the skin over the tumor does not change. No other symptomatology can be traced.

The basis of medical therapy is dynamic observation. In some cases, specialists come to a surgical solution. However, this happens in cases where the neoplasm is of progressive growth and enormous size.

Differences between entities:

• The papillary structure is formed in the canals.Symptoms are nipple discharge, which can be covered with crusty ulcers.
• The tubular structure is a regular neoplasm, consisting of alveolar passages in the glandular tissue.
• Lactating structure - a pronounced secretory change, for example, as during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Neoplasm (adenoma) in the liver

This organ can have multiple or single nodal seals. When there are more than 5 lumps, a liver adenoma is diagnosed. Malignancy of a neoplasm occurs only in 10% of cases.

• When required, the hepatic tracts are visible, they thicken, becoming larger than healthy, cellular epithelium and are arranged in an irregular sequence.
• In the case of a tubular form, tumors form in the lumens of the glandular trabeculae together with the collected bile.

There are many reasons why this pathological process can be triggered. For example, the use of hormonal drugs, contraceptives. This disease affects patients with a genetic predisposition and people who live in unfavorable ecological zones.

The main symptoms are noted: pain in the hypochondrium, a feeling of heaviness, pale skin, increased sweating, low blood pressure, thirst.

In therapeutic therapy, the immune system is strengthened, observational manipulations are carried out. With intensive growth, experts recommend the elimination of the adenoma by surgery, with histology. Patients are advised to stop taking hormonal medications.

Tumors of the nose

The occurrence of an adenoma is possible in the nasal mucosa with characteristic hyperplasia of the apparatus with glandular tissue. The formation has a characteristic gray-white or pink color. In this case, difficulty breathing through the nose occurs. There are several types of swelling in the nose.

• Bleeding polyposis is a round neoplasm with two lobes. Common symptomatology: nosebleeds, most often observed when sneezing, while blowing your nose.
• Papilloma is a rare pathology, similar in shape to a head of cauliflower, the site of localization is the nasal septa, the lower walls of the shells.

Such a neoplasm cannot be large, it is mobile, with an uneven surface. Therapy consists in eliminating the pathology with a surgical method. The bleeding tumor is removed with a loop, then cauterized.

Sebaceous gland neoplasms

This is a hereditary pathology, but in 50% of cases, a fresh mutation. Pathology occurs in adolescence. There are three types of this disease.

• Pringle-Bourneville. Tiny nodules of a round or oval structure, yellow or red-brown in color, with a clear and smooth surface.
• Neoplasm of Allopo-Lerreda-Darrieus. A neoplasm similar to a wart, with a symmetrical arrangement on the epidermis of the face.
• Cystic epithelioma. Nodules up to 1 cm, doughy, dense composition. Sometimes they have a leg, then they can be located in large folds, sometimes they are noted on the oral mucosa.

Such lesions do not have specific symptoms, but in some cases they can be combined with hematuria, lung and heart failure. Treatment is carried out using a laser, current, cryodestruction method, scalpel. Small tumors of this type are eliminated without leaving a trace, in rare cases hormone therapy is recommended.

Benign brain tumor

Most often, the pituitary gland is affected. Pathology develops in the anterior lobes. Medical research proves that these neoplasms occur in a quarter of the population.

There are several types of brain adenomas:

• Active hormonal.
• Inactive hormonal.
• Reborn into a malignant tumor.

Not all neoplasms under consideration are dangerous. Some tumors have their own peculiarity - they produce hormones. There are also non-growing formations, but they too must be monitored.

The first symptomatology is: impaired vision, headaches. When the neoplasms grow to a large size, patients have a decrease in libido, an increase in body weight.

For the treatment of such tumors, a surgical solution is provided with radiation therapy. Today, the removal of a tumor in the pituitary gland is often carried out through the nasal cavity. In some cases, medication is prescribed.

Tumor formations of adenoma in the lungs

Pathology occurs due to tissue disease in the lungs and bronchi. Such formations can occur after the age of 34. Moreover, the pathology is noted surrounded by the capsular connective tissue material. There are central, peripheral and mixed forms.Central - the most common form, it manifests itself on the bronchi. Symptoms noted: suffocation, fever, digestive disorders, skin reactions. With this type of adenoma, serotonin levels increase.

A benign tumor is removed by enucleation, sometimes partial resection is allowed. Therapeutic therapy is selected according to the localization of the deepening of the neoplasm in the tissue layer.

Benign growth in the pancreas

The pancreas can be susceptible to the formation of a benign tumor of a hormonally active and inactive type. The hormonal type is insulin-produced insulin. Severe symptoms: increased sweating during hunger, physical exertion, weakness, rush of plasma to the head. In some cases, convulsions, loss of consciousness are noted. With the hormonally inactive type, there are no symptoms, so the pathology is diagnosed by a random method.

A neoplasm of this type is carried out by surgery, for this, experts recommend adhering to a diet. Only in this case is it possible to obtain a favorable outcome after the therapy.

Tumors in the bladder

The pathology of the adenoma introduces urethra into atrophy, the contracting muscle tissue. Patients complain of frequent waking up at night to urinate. Sometimes patients get up up to 5 times in one night. Symptoms include a weakened stream, acute retention, effort to empty, and pain. In some cases, catheter insertion is used to relieve symptoms.

Medical therapy is carried out in three ways: medication, surgical, dynamic-observational.

Diagnosing pathology

Adenoma therapy

For tumors of small size, benign nature, observational therapy is recommended. Moreover, if the education does not grow, does not affect the activity of other organs, then therapy is not prescribed.

Types of operations:

• Hemithyroidectomy - removal of a part of an organ. The specialist prepares the area at the affected area, then separates the surrounding tissue, some of which is removed.
• Subtotal resection - removal of the main part of an organ. As the organ ceases to function fully, experts recommend supportive therapy.

Endoscopic resection is mainly popular. However, this method is effective for small neoplasms. In this case, the damaged tissue is cut off with a special instrument, after which vascular coagulation is performed. The cut tissue is sent for histological analysis.

Sometimes specialists can cope with adenoma with laser exposure. As a result, the tumor shrinks.

Hormone-dependent adenoma is treated with hormonal drugs. In addition, the use of phytotherapeutic and tissue remedies is recommended.

Drug therapy is effective only in the initial stages of pathology, sometimes it is used in cases where the operation is contraindicated. But still, drugs do not replace other methods of treatment.