Characteristic manifestations of acute urinary retention

Acute urinary retention is one of the types of urgent conditions in urological specialization, the main symptom, which is the inability to fully empty the bladder cavity. The main clinical name for this syndrome is ishuria. With ischuria, Acute urinary retention is formed as a result of complete blockage of the urethral cavity.

Difficulty during urination can be the reason not only when squeezing the excretory parts of the urethra, but also a violation of the filtration capacity of the renal tissue. Ishuria belongs to the category of emergency conditions due to the increased risk of rupture of the bladder cavity with the development of life-threatening peritonitis.

There are a wide variety of reasons for the development of acute urinary retention in men of different ages.

The etiological factors associated with dysfunction of the central and peripheral nervous system include:

• protrusion of intervertebral discs;
• neuralgia of the vertebral nerves;
• traumatic injuries or oncological neoplasms near the spinal cord and brain;
• inflammatory processes of the meninges;
• a neurological disorder such as multiple sclerosis.

Mechanical etiological factors include:

• congenital anomalies of the structure of the external and internal genital organs;
• violation of the contractile function of the muscle walls of the bladder;
• abnormal location and structure of the lower parts of the urethral canal;
• malignant and benign neoplasms in the lower urinary tract;
• inflammation of the prostate gland;
• calculous prostatitis.

Functional factors due to which acute urinary retention develops:

• very low ambient temperature, the air temperature should be familiar to humans;
• previous surgery on the pelvic and abdominal organs, pain and discomfort develops as a result of the formation of adhesions;
• excessive consumption of alcoholic substances for one day, alcoholic coma or derylium;
• sedentary lifestyle or complete absence of active and passive movements for a long time;
• stress disorder, depression;
• sudden intense emotional overexcitement.

The above factors that hinder the emission of urine can lead to significantly serious consequences for the body, which is why you need to carefully monitor your health and lifestyle.

Today, symptoms such as acute disorders of the emptying of the bladder cavity are most common among older men. As statistics show, the highest percentage of morbidity is associated with previously transferred bacterial and non-bacterial prostatitis, such symptoms are also characteristic of patients with chronic forms of prostatitis.

Main syntactic manifestations in acute urinary retention

The symptoms of this disease are pronounced and cause great discomfort for a sick man.

The main symptoms of the disease should be highlighted:

• pronounced and intense urge to urinate;
• with strong straining of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall in an attempt to empty, bloody discharge appears from the urethral cavity;
• severe pain syndrome localized in the lower abdomen and above the pubic region;
• uncomfortable sensations associated with bursting sensations in the lower abdomen;
• on palpation, the bladder becomes dense and sharply painful;
• rupture of the muscular and serous membranes of the bladder leads to the formation of traumatic shock.

Acute urinary retention can also manifest itself in the following symptomatic manifestations:

• disorder of the cycle of sleep and rest;
• general weakness of the body;
• dyspeptic disorders in the form of nausea, vomiting or a sharp decrease in appetite;
• intoxication syndrome;
• febrile syndrome;
• disorder of the act of defecation.

The above symptomatic signs are extremely important for the final diagnosis and differential diagnosis between functional and organic pathologies of the urethra.

How is the final diagnosis made?

In order to prevent serious consequences for the body and promptly start the correct etiotropic and pathogenetic treatment, it is necessary to seek help from a qualified specialist in specialized medical institutions.

In order to diagnose the patient, a number of the following studies are carried out:

Correctly carried out diagnosis of the disease ensures the correct diagnosis and will allow the timely start of the necessary course of treatment.

Emergency patient care

Emergency care for acute urinary retention is carried out in order to artificially empty the bladder cavity to prevent rupture of its walls. The main technique for providing emergency care is catheterization of the urethral cavity and bladder neck.

There are specific contraindications for this procedure:

• traumatic injuries with rupture of the walls of the urethral canal;
• the presence of a pathological calculus, which became the cause of the disease;
• abscess in the glandular tissue of the prostate gland;
• inflammation localized in the external genital area.

Carrying out treatment activities

The most preferred treatment is to insert a catheter into the urethral cavity. This procedure is performed to improve the outflow of urine from the bladder cavity and ureters. The need for it depends on what caused the development of this condition, and on the severity of the symptomatic signs. The conservative method of treatment is carried out using medications and physiotherapy.

The complex of drug correction includes the following drugs:

• in the presence of pathology from the central and peripheral nervous system, drugs such as papaverine, valerian extract, atropine or proserin are used;
• if a reflex spasm in the excretory ducts of the bladder is accompanied by an infectious process, the patient is prescribed antibacterial drugs;
• rinsing the cavity of the urethral canal with sodium chloride solution, this will ensure the patency of the urinary tract and prevent the formation of thrombosis and blood clots.

Treatment with surgical intervention is necessary:

• when the bladder wall has burst;
• the presence of an anomaly in the structure of the external genital organs;
• oncological diseases associated with damage to the prostate gland;
• inflammatory and infectious processes of the pelvic organs;
• urolithiasis or stone formation in the area of the prostate gland.

If the patient has noticed that urine has not been released for 3-4 days, but the urge to urinate persists, it is necessary to immediately call an ambulance team or seek help from a qualified specialist. If such patients are not provided with the necessary medical care, a very serious condition may develop, accompanied by a fatal outcome.