Definition of adenoma carcinoma factors of occurrence

The most common malignant formation is adenocarcinoma, what is it? This type of tumor is caused by the growth of cancer cells of the glandular epithelium, which is found literally in all organs of the body.

Adenoma and carcinoma has a variety of risk factors, subdivided into specific and generalized. Treatment of pathology should be carried out as early as possible, as this affects the outgoing effectiveness of the disease.

Definition of adenocarcinoma

Adenocarcinoma is a malignant tumor formed in the process of mutation of the glandular, epithelial material.

Epithelium is a glandular, cellular layer on the surface of any organ, which is an important material for the construction of organs in the human body. The main feature of adenoma carcinoma is the production of mucus secretion (serous). Adenocarcinoma is subdivided into cell microlocalization. The formation can be solid or containing cystitis fragments.

The appearance of metastases in adenocarcinoma is possible even at an early stage of the disease, which is a dangerous prognosis for the course of a dangerous disease.

How pathology is classified

The disease is classified according to the histology of the structure of the mutated cells.

High Differentiation

This form of adenocarcinoma is characterized by the presence of a glandular, cellular component, which is devoid of sharp atypism. The highly differentiated form is marked by enlarged cells with an elongated nucleus.

Moderate differentiation

Significantly enlarged atypical cells, Separate fragments of the neoplasm are combined into a complex, as in squamous cell carcinoma. Moreover, the similarity with this type of malignant formation is enhanced by a certain destructive change in the tumor.

Low Differentiation

With the development of this form of the disease, the cells have their own differences in malignancy. Atypical cell formation is difficult to compare with certain tissues, which complicates the diagnosis of formation.

Metastasis occurs even at an early stage of a poorly differentiated tumor.

Types of tumors by localization

Adenocarcinoma clear cell

High degree of malignancy with damage to the genitourinary system in the female sex. Another name for clear cell carcinoma can be in mesonephroma, mesanephral pathology, mesonephroid disease, mesonephrogenic oncology.

Macroscopic examination shows that a neoplasm of this type has a polypoid appearance, and consists of several types of cells:

• Polygonal, undivided glycogenized by the cytoplasm in huge numbers. These cells have a nucleus in the middle or eccentrically.
• Flattened.
• Nail-like.
• Polygonal - with oxyphilic cytoplasm.

Produced mucin accumulates in the lumen of the gland.

Light cell adenocarcinoma formation accumulates material (membranes) - stromal hyalinization. This form is a rare case, little studied, which explains the fact that in all cases encountered there is an unfavorable outcome (mesaneforms degenerate into metastases, penetrating the lungs, liver, and the upper abdomen.

Mucinous

This structure contains clusters of epithelium interspersed with cup-shaped, mucous mucins.

Borders are not visible for this type of neoplasm. Such oncology is quite rare. A cancerous tumor has cystic cavities filled with glandular, viscous fluid. The color of the tumor is whitish-grayish. On histological examination of mucinous pathology, indistinct, neoplastic cells that are in the secretion of mucin were noted.

There are islets of connective tissue between the cells. Atypical cells have cubic, cylindrical, hyperchromic nuclei. These cancers are often located in the intestines and produce a lot of mucus. Mucinous adenocarcinoma has no sensitivity to radiation, which indicates a poor prognosis. After carrying out medical therapy, relapses, metastases affecting the lymph nodes are possible.

Endometroid

The most common sign of pathology is uterine bleeding, which is noted in 93% of cases. In addition, dense formations with signs of cancerous lesions are visible. Fatigue, weakness, pain.

Adenocarcinoma (endometrioid), most often recognized in 75% of cases at an early stage, this gives good prognosis for full recovery.

Provoking factors of endometrial adenocarcinoma:

• diabetes;
• late menopause;
• uncontrolled use of estrogen drugs and contraceptives.

Small acinar

Cancer with large and small neoplasms. The birth of a pathological phenomenon occurs in the lobes of the prostate. With the growth of the tumor, a vesicular layer forms.Cancer can spread to the prostate gland, organs of the urinary and reproductive systems, and the gastrointestinal tract. With acinar adenocarcinoma, there are no changes in the analyzes, its identification is possible only by histological examination. The spread of atypical cells is possible in all organs, most often metastases are observed in the lymph nodes and abdominal cavity.

What provokes the pathological growth of malignant tumors

Phase g1 (interphase of cell division) occurs for several reasons:

Generalized

Adenocarcinoma with mutated epithelial cells is provoked by stagnant secretions that cause inflammation of the prostate.

Provoking factors:

• poor nutrition;
• radioactive radiation;
• chronic pathologies;
• long-term smoking;
• papillomavirus.

A hereditary predisposition to the formation of adenocarcinoma has also been identified.

Specific reasons:

The formation of adenomas and carcinomas in various organs is due to the structure and functionality of all systems.

• Diseases in the intestines are caused by chronic constipation,
• colitis, polyposis, associated tumors, fistulas.
• Cancer of the esophagus (glandular) is caused by thermal burns, poorly chewed food pieces with permanent organ injury.
• Oncology of the liver begins to form due to the penetration of infection, parasites.
• Kidney cancer can occur due to pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis.
• Oncology of urea occurs due to stagnation of urine, chronic cystitis, leukoplakia.

Symptoms

In adenocarcinomas, there are three types of symptoms:

• In the first period, the symptoms are practically not manifested, there is a cyclical weakening, increased fatigue, a slight, manifested painful sensation.
• In the second period, oncological signs are due to the location of the neoplasm.
• In the third phase, the development of the disease is marked by pain, localization, impaired functionality of a certain organ, while lymph nodes and metastasis may be enlarged.

Esophagus

Adenocarcinoma in the esophagus manifests itself:

• Dysphagia - an uncomfortable sensation when swallowing saliva or a lump of food.
• Odinophagy - painless swallowing.
• Increased salivation is the cause of a narrowed esophagus due to the growth of a malignant tumor.

Salivary gland

An oncological tumor grows on the gland on one side. Initially, a dense, immobile tumor is formed that does not have a clear outline.

With further growth, it is noted:

• Impaired jaw movement.
• Discomfort while chewing.
• Puffiness, hyperemia of the skin.

Liver

Specific signs of adenocarcinoma in the liver:

• Decreased appetite.
• Nausea, gag reflex.
• Discomfort and pain in the right hypochondrium, stomach.
• Enlarged liver with knot formation.
• Epistaxis.
• Elevated temperature.
• Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneum.
• Yellowness of the epidermis.

Cecum

The defeat of the cecum is noted:

• Frequent constipation.
• Periodic lower abdominal sensation.
• Frequent tenesmus (false urge to defecate).
• Signs of anemia.
• Bleeding manifested in plasma impurities in feces.
• Subfebrile temperature.
• Poor appetite and aversion to meat food.
• In severe cases, ascites and obstruction are possible.

Thyroid

The manifestation of adenocarcinoma of the thyroid gland is observed when:

• Difficulty swallowing and breathing.
• Diploma and changed voice.
• Shortness of breath.
• Tumor deformity of the neck.

Bladder

The early signs of oncology are hematuria (plasma manifestations in urine, with a noticeable pinkish staining).

Further symptoms noted:

• Soreness in the groin area, perineum. Initially, urea overflow is felt.
• Painful urination.
• Continuous hematuria with discharge of plasma clots, leading to anemia.

With adenocarcinoma, the development of cystitis, acute pyelonephritis occurs, sometimes attacks are similar to renal colic.

Metastasis

Metastases of atypical cells are spread by lymph flow or plasma. Most patients with a primary focus are difficult to diagnose. This requires comprehensive examinations. With a multiplicity of secondary focus, a worse prognosis of the course of the disease is possible.

Diagnostics

Pathology of adenoma and carcinoma is easier to treat at the first stage of formation. For an accurate determination, proper examinations are prescribed.

The choice of diagnostic procedures is assigned based on the patient's complaints, relying on examination, objective changes in the functioning of organs.

There is a mandatory general and biochemical analysis of plasma, urine studies, decoding of tumor markers.

Cancer tumors inside the body are defined by:

• radiography;
• ultrasound scan;
• Different types of tomography;
• Endoscopic examinations.

Malignant detection of pathological foci is established by histological examination, biopt.

Medical therapy with further prognosis of tumors

Treatment of patients with adenocarcinoma is selected according to the location of the tumor, the stage of cancer, the manifestation of metastases, the age of the patients.

For a favorable prognosis, a combined method of treatment is used, with a combination of surgical removal of the neoplasm, chemical therapy, and radiation.

During the operation, the tumor is removed with the surrounding healthy tissues to prevent further development of cancer cells.

Chemotherapy is given after surgery to destroy the remains of atypical cells.

The use of chemical and radiation therapy is used as a palliative technique to make patients feel better, then the operation cannot be performed.