Determination of total PSA

Testing a dog is considered the most informative research method, unlike other analyzes. Prostate-specific antigen (analysis) allows you to detect inflammation processes in the male gland (prostate), to reveal the presence of growing tissue (adenoma), to determine the presence of cancer cells.

Prostatic antigen (common)

To diagnose changes in the prostate gland, a dog test is prescribed. This testing holds a special place in a number of studies, since changes in this norm indicate a pathological process in the body.

The slightest deviation from the norm of the dog, given its relationship with the free antigen, makes it possible to establish an accurate diagnosis. Therefore, it is recommended to test the common dog with free antigen. Testing is carried out one at a time from a vein.

To clearly establish the diagnosis, a man should investigate the amount of prostate specific antigen freely circulating. Patients diagnosed with cancer have less free antigen than those men who do not have pathology.

With prostate adenoma, this ratio has a higher percentage.

For what pathologies the analysis is prescribed

Prostate specific antigen should be determined when:

• symptoms typical of malignant tumors and prostatitis;
• age after 55 years (annual testing);
• examinations after forty years of age, with existing oncological cases in the family;
• an enlarged prostate gland;
• staging the cancer;
• under observation during therapy.

The dog index is normal, until recently it was considered in the range of 4.0 ng. However, based on medical practice, it has been proven that the development of cancer is possible with significantly low results. Therefore, in some cases of the prostate, a specific antigen exceeding 2.5 ng can warn of cancer if there are other indirect reasons. Canine total, equal to the sum of total and associated antigen.

Thanks to the analysis of dog 2, important research and auxiliary manipulations can be carried out:

• early diagnosis;
• research for preventive purposes;
• identification for a dog is an auxiliary procedure for evaluating the results of prostate therapy;
• identification of relapses after previous surgical interventions.

Antigen Varieties

In laboratory conditions, the study of fractions at the molecular level is carried out. A division into free, associated with antichymotropin and macroglobulin psa analysis is carried out. The wording is voiced as follows: bound antigen with free, a general test comes out.

For research on the condition of patients, great importance is attached to the common antigen. When the reading results exceed the tolerance standard, the analysis is re-interpreted

What is the norm of antigen in the plasma of men?

For many years, the norm was considered to be within 4 ng. If this norm was not exceeded, doctors believed that patients had no cause for concern. Today, the norm has changed. For middle-aged men, the indicator should not exceed 2.9 ng. With an increased result of the amount of antigen, it is believed that a man may be susceptible to the course of a malignant process.

It is necessary to take responsibility for the analysis of a dog in men with prostatitis.

In this case, the rate is calculated by the age category of patients:

• 22-27 years old - 2.4ng;
• 27-45 - 3 ng;
• 45-65 - up to 3.6 ng;
• over 67 years old - over 4 ng.

This different index of indicators depends on the size of the prostate. The fact is that the older the man, the larger the size of the prostate gland. An increase in the free agent is noted first, and then in the total. If the patient's plasma does not have this element, this is also considered the norm.

Why is the antigen level rising?

The presence of certain diseases in the male body acts to increase:

Testing transcript

With elevated dog ranges, the decoding (test) is explained by the fact that a malignant process (prostate cancer) has begun in the man's body. The stage of the disease is calculated based on deviations from the norm. That is, the greater the deviation, the more advanced the stage of cancer.

According to research, results exceeding several times the permissible limit indicate that cancer is already in the fourth stage (terminal), and metastases have already penetrated to nearby organs. In addition to plasma studies, several additional studies are assigned. The specialist prescribes the delivery of a clinical blood test, according to which the composition of the plasma is studied.

There are two points in the composition of blood. The first is leukocytes, their level, erythrocytes - their sedimentation rate.

Any neoplasm provokes an inflammatory process, and the immune system reacts with an increased number of blood cells (white)

The immune system calls them on to neutralize harmful viruses, infections that provoked this inflammation. In this case, there is an increase in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Since they are joined by a plurality of leukocytes, which pull them down.

When a cancer patient takes a prostate specific antigen analysis, then both indicators are found to be overestimated from the limits of the permissible norm .. However, the result itself is not a reason for a final diagnosis, in principle, just like the fact that the found indicators are in the normal range - this is not a reason to withdraw a preliminary diagnosis.

The next test delivery, with a preliminary diagnosis of prostate cancer, is a detailed testing of the prostate specific antigen. In this case, it is not the total amount of the agent that is important, but the correspondence of the bound antigen with the antichymotrypsin.

In the case when, when decoding a study, an excess of both indicators is found, this indicates a bad result

In turn, it is necessary to consider the enzyme for density. The basis of this indicator is the correspondence of the total antigen to the size of the male gland. This feature is established during an ultrasound examination session. When a prostatic agent is below the normalized density, this indicates a developing adenoma (hyperplasia) of the prostate gland, an overestimated density from the norm warns of malignant formation.

Donate plasma material is required for additional research to calculate the dynamics of indicators. The speed affects the increase in the agent's rate in the plasma material, which explains the fact of the scale of cancer tumor development. Thanks to all these complex studies, it turns out, to clarify the alleged diagnosis. Because the consideration of the composition for individual substances with antigen content is not carried out. The specialist must consider the totality in the result.

The most reliable study can be obtained with a biopsy. The procedure for removing material is carried out under anesthesia. During the procedure, a fragment of prostate tissue is removed from patients for analysis. With the help of a biopsy, an accurate diagnosis is made. Patients are referred for a biopsy when the results of the prostate specific antigen show overestimated results, and an enlarged size of the male gland is confirmed on the ultrasound scan.

Antigen donation rules

To obtain a more accurate analysis of prostate-specific antigen, requires careful preparation.

• The material is handed over on an empty stomach. No food or drink is allowed. You can only drink plain water.
• For 3-5 days before donating blood, you should stop sexual activity.
• When the patient has attended prostate massage procedures, at least a week should pass after the sessions.
• For rectal examination by ultrasound, after the session, at least 7 days must pass before the plasma is donated.
• Men who have had surgery on the prostate gland (partial removal) are tested six months after surgery.
• Before taking material for analysis, you should adhere to a dietary diet for a week. The day before going to the laboratory, they refuse a hearty dinner, do not smoke, do not drink coffee.
• The patient, a few days before donating blood, should not drink alcoholic beverages, even the weakest ones.

In addition to mandatory plasma studies for prostate specific antigen, the analysis is carried out for prophylactic purposes (screening). The prostate gland of men after forty years of age should be checked annually. Screening allows early detection of the disease.