Prostatic hyperplasia as a benign mass

Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a disease characterized by the appearance of a benign neoplasm in the glandular structure of the prostate. Histologists and specialists in urology have long researched what prostatic hyperplasia is and what is its histological component.

A feature of this pathology is that it is formed from the epithelial cells lining the glandular tissue, growing, these cells form nodes. As the neoplasm grows, it begins to squeeze the urethral canal, provoking the development of characteristic symptoms.

Reasons for the development of the disease

The main reason for the development of inflammation of the prostate and hyperplasia is a violation of the production of hormones by the endocrine glands. Hormonal imbalance, as a rule, develops in men during the aging stage - this is the age of over fifty years, while the level of female sex hormones in the blood of a man exceeds normal levels.

Disease of the prostate gland can develop not only against the background of hormonal disorders, but also as a hereditary or concomitant disease.

Factors of the external and internal environment as a result of which, hypertrophy of the gland develops:

• natural aging of the body;
• a sharp decrease in the level of testosterone in the blood of a man;
• increase in the level of female sex hormones in the blood;
• irregular and unbalanced nutrition;
• pathology of the heart and blood vessels;
• harmful environmental factors;
• disruption of normal metabolism.

A variety of etiological factors can contribute to the development of benign enlargement of prostate tissue, which is why men at risk should regularly conduct urological examinations.

Main symptomatic signs

When prostatic hyperplasia occurs, symptoms appear as the underlying disease progresses. Benign prostatic hyperplasia manifests itself in the form of a diffuse enlargement of the gland, leading to compression of the urethral canal, and this is what becomes the reason for the development of symptomatic symptoms. Mechanical obstruction leads to a violation of the outflow of urine and, as a result, deformation of the bladder with a violation of its innervation.

Adenoma of the prostate is characterized by the manifestation of three types of symptoms: obstructive, irritating and characterizing the presence of complications.

Symptoms resulting from mechanical obstruction of the urethra by inflamed prostate tissues:

• impaired urine flow;
• feeling of incomplete urination process, keeping reflex urge;
• the stream of urine outflow is intermittent;
• difficult onset of urination;

Irritant symptomatic signs that develop as a result of a violation of the innervation of the muscles of the bladder and the pelvic cavity:

• increased frequency of urge to urinate, regardless of the time of day;
• the urge is so strong and painful that it is very difficult for the patient to restrain himself;
• prostatic nocturia is manifested by nighttime urge to urinate.

Clinical symptoms that appear as a result of complications against the background of the progression of the underlying disease:

• the appearance of blood in the urinary sediment, this may indicate the presence of bleeding in the urethra;
• the presence of a bacterial infection is indicated by symptoms such as cramps along the urethra, pain in the lower abdomen and a sharp increase in overall body temperature;
• the urge persists, but the patient is completely unable to defecate;
• complete urinary incontinence;
• the development of acute renal failure is evidenced by general fatigue, a sharp loss in weight and the addition of signs of intoxication.

As complications of the underlying disease, acute renal failure develops, which provokes the development of multiple organ failure, including right ventricular hypertrophy. Such complications arise as a result of an acute disturbance of the hemodynamic process.

Clinical classification of the disease

A disease such as BPH is something that brings significant inconvenience to a man and can be dangerous to his life.

Adenoma of the prostate is divided into four stages, depending on the severity of the manifestation of symptoms, the nature of structural changes and violations of the outflow of urine.

The first stage is characterized by the following symptoms:

• the total duration of the disease is approximately 2-3 years;
• during palpation of the gland, painful sensations do not arise, the prostate has clear contours and is slightly enlarged in size;
• the consistency of the gland is moderately compacted, but does not correspond to the norm;
• no or mild urinary symptoms;
• the number of urges increases.

The second stage is usually called subcompensated, and it is characterized by the following changes:

• the urge becomes painful;
• the patient feels incomplete excretion of urine from the bladder;
• the appearance of urine changes, it becomes more cloudy with an admixture of blood inclusions;
• men often use urine catheters;
• signs of spontaneous urination appear.

At the third stage, the condition worsens to a large extent, which can provoke malignant degeneration of tissues.

The third stage is called decompensated:

• deformation of the muscle wall of the bladder reaches its maximum and is accompanied by a change in the color of urine to cloudy with an admixture of visible blood streaks;
• it is almost impossible to independently conduct the act of urination due to complete obstruction of the urethra;
• the outflow of urine is impaired and this means that the patient develops kidney pathology;
• the color and elasticity of the skin in such patients also changes, they become pale up to a grayish tint;
• changes in laboratory parameters of peripheral blood are characteristic, indicating the presence of anemia.

About what BPH is at the fourth stage has been little studied to this day, this is due to the fact that patients usually do not live up to this stage. The fourth stage is characterized by the development of acute multiple organ failure, and this becomes the cause of death.

Basic methods of carrying out diagnostic measures

Correct and timely diagnosis of the disease can increase the patient's chances of a speedy recovery and continuation of normal life without unpleasant symptomatic manifestations.

Diagnostics of benign neoplasm of the prostate is carried out in several main stages:

Using instrumental diagnostics includes:

• ultrasound examination of the glandular tissue of the prostate gland;
• uroflourometry;
• X-ray examination;

The result after carrying out diagnostic measures is deciphered by specially trained specialists functional diagnosticians.

Differential diagnosis with a malignant tumor of the prostate, inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs and urolithiasis is considered an integral part in order to make a diagnosis.

Basic treatments

Treatment of prostate adenoma should be carried out only after thoroughly carrying out all the necessary diagnostic procedures and include monitoring the patient in dynamics.

Depending on the severity of the pathological process, the patient can undergo both conservative and surgical treatment. A conservative method of therapy is indicated for patients in the first two stages of hyperplasia in the complete absence of signs of complications. In combination with medical methods, the patient must follow all the rules of a healthy lifestyle and a balanced diet.

Treatment with drugs includes the use of the following groups of drugs:

Treatment with surgical intervention is carried out if there has been no positive effect of drug therapy.

The main indications for emergency surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia:

• the formation of salt stones in the kidneys and other parts of the urethra;
• acute urinary outflow disorder;
• acute failure of renal tissue functioning;
• frequent relapses of inflammatory processes.

The main goal in the surgical method of treatment is to achieve the effect of reduced pressure in the upper parts of the urethral canal, this will ensure an increase in the rate of urine outflow. If the pathological process does not progress and does not occupy the entire glandular tissue, then only part of the altered gland is removed without total resection.

There are several of the most common types of operations that are selected for each patient on an individual basis.

The most common types of surgical operations include:

In the later stages of the disease and in the elderly, very often the general condition allows you to carry out a planned operation, such patients are proposed to conduct a manipulation of the restoration of blades.

To minimally invasive techniques include:

• Fixation of the affected walls of the urethra using a specially built-in, metal stent.
• Providing urine outflow through urological, urinary catheter.
• Expansion of the narrowed urethra cavity with a bloated cylinder.

General Recommendations for Correction Lifestyle Patient

After passing a long and painful course of treatment, patients understand that it is such a benign increase in prostate, and know that it provoked the development of this state.

In order to avoid relapse, patients must comply with the following recommendations:

• limit the use of any type of liquid over the day;
• It is necessary to completely abandon the use of products containing nicotine and caffeine;
• recommended to play sports or lead a moving lifestyle;
• supercooling and sharp temperature drops;
• carefully monitor your weight and follow the rules of healthy nutrition.

Exercises contribute to the restoration of normal muscle tone and prevent the development of involuntary urination. Qualified urologists recommend men to carry out an exercise during urination acts, this will allow you to engage in training all muscle groups, including a smooth muscles.

Exercise techniques: Create the muscle tone into a hard state until the stream of urine completely stops. This process should continue for twenty seconds, after which it is completely relaxed. It is necessary to make 2 -3 reductions at one time, and repeat the procedures 2 - 3 times a day.

Since the benign prostatic hyperplasia does not distribute metastases on the lymphatic system, the forecast for recovery is favorable. With timely diagnosis and treatment, it is possible to fully maintain the structure of the iron tissue.