Where and how is the sperm formation process going?

Sperm is a biological fluid that is produced in a man's body. It is a mixture with a complex chemical composition. The main component of this substance is sperm. These are male germ cells that are necessary for the fertilization of eggs and the reproduction of offspring. The rest of the semen is a liquid substance containing vitamins and minerals. Semen is rich in potassium, magnesium, copper, zinc, etc. In addition, it contains a lot of vitamins, in particular groups B and C, as well as amino acids.

Normally, it has an alkaline environment, which in a woman's body is faced with a healthy acidic one. But ascorbic acid can also be distinguished in the composition, which prolongs the life of spermatozoa and ensures their functional preservation until they meet with the egg.

From all of the above, it should be concluded that sperm is a mixture of sperm dissolved in the fluid of the prostate gland.

Sperm Life

This interval may be different depending on the conditions in which it is located. So in a man's body, the duration of already formed spermatozoa can reach one month. The cycle of complete replacement of sex cells in a man's body reaches 2-3 months. This is especially important if a man during this period was seriously ill or was taking drugs that have a teratogenic effect or disrupt spermatogenesis. For each person, this time is strictly individual, it can fluctuate within a few days.

With prolonged abstinence, the vital activity of male germ cells is significantly reduced and only a few active spermatozoa can be found. After leaving the male body, spermatozoa can enter the environment or into the vaginal cavity. In the latter case, the cells are faced with a non-juxtaposition of the environment. A woman should have an acidic environment in her vagina, and her seminal fluid should be alkaline. That is why the vitality in the vagina is drastically reduced.

But this is enough for the passage of cells through the fluid of the cervical canal. An enzyme is formed by the substance of the sperm head, which is responsible for penetration into the egg. Therefore, in the cavity of the vagina and uterus, sperm are able to live for 5-6 days. At this time, fertilization of a mature egg can occur. In the free environment, sperm cannot live long. The maximum duration is no more than 24 hours. On average, this is a few hours.

Where are sperm formed?

Testicles are male sex glands with a paired structure. They are located in the area of the scrotum, the musculocutaneous sac, which is attached to the pelvic area and the male penis. There is a septum between the testicles, so the organs are not connected to each other. Externally, they are covered with several shells that serve many functions. Among them, the most important are protective and circulatory.

Their shape is predominantly oval, and their average size is in the range of 3-3.5 cm, in the middle part they are convex. The color can range from light gray to pink. Outside, they are surrounded by a rich blood supply network. At the apex, you can also determine the epididymis - this is one of the constituent parts of the reproductive system, which in anatomical and functional terms is closely related to the testicles.

The main function of this organ is the production of germ cells, spermatozoa necessary for conception. They also perform an endocrine function, this is the production of the main hormone of the male body, testosterone. Produced in the testicles, it is released into the bloodstream and is responsible for the formation of sexual function, maintaining an erection and the development of secondary sexual characteristics that are inherent in the male body.

According to their structure, the testicles belong to glands with a lobular structure. On average, each organ contains more than 200 lobules. From an anatomical point of view, this is an organ that can be easily traumatized. There is no attachment to the scrotum, since they are freely suspended by the spermatic cords. In order to protect against unnecessary trauma, and in the event of a process that has happened, the possible preservation of function, the sex glands are not symmetrically located. So the right organ is always slightly lower than the left.

It should be noted that the size of an organ is a strictly individual value, and it depends primarily on genetic characteristics. You should be more careful about their size, since an increase can be a signal of a pathological process, but in no way associated with an excessive functional manifestation. In addition, the volume of sperm production does not depend on the size. Spermatozoa are released from the testicles along special conductive pathways - the spermatic cords.They represent only one of the constituent parts of the semen, which is thrown out.

Spermatogenesis and its stages

Spermatogenesis is a rather complex process associated with the formation of a male reproductive cell, which is necessary for the fertilization of eggs. As a result of full-fledged formation, the further formation of the fetus takes place. For the development of these cells, a lot of conditions are required. Among them, one of the simplest, but at the same time important conditions is temperature.

When the temperature rises above 37 degrees, the development of full-fledged spermatozoa is disrupted and they can form defects in their structure that can change their functional activity and carry defective genetic material. Sometimes defective sperm leads to impaired development of the fetus after conception.

This process can be influenced by elementary factors, even without the exception of diseases of the body, for example, such as the use of tight clothing that is inappropriate to weather conditions. From environmental factors, there may be frequent visits to baths, saunas, heated seats. The optimal temperature at which full sperm are formed is the level of 34-35 degrees.

The duration of the formation of germ cells in the male body lasts an average of 2.5 months. These terms can be individual, and on average, fluctuations are 1-2 weeks. Such terms will depend on current diseases, chronic pathologies, hormone levels, medication intake.

Sperm formation is a complex, multi-stage stage.

• Division stage. The initial stage in the formation of the formation of germ cells is the process of division of cell rudiments. It begins with the formation of cells with a full genetic makeup. Gradually, at the stage of cell division, the cells move from the basement membrane area closer to the vas deferens. From the very beginning, the genetic apparatus is fully formed. These formations are stem cells that are formed from the rudiments. These cells are the first order spermatogonia, which are the initial stage of spermatogenesis, and are larger in size. In them, you can see the process of a more active metabolism, the formation of protein and essential amino acids. The genetic material begins to double. Future spermatozoa are larger than their predecessors. Their functional activity is also increased, which subsequently leads to the processes of further differentiation. Cell growth
• Height. The next step in the process of spermatogenesis is the formation of second-order spermatogonia. In this case, preexisting cells undergo the most important stage - meiotic division. The preceding cell undergoes division, and the division of the cellular apparatus continues along with the genetic material. At the final stage of meiosis, germ cells with a reduced genetic apparatus are formed. As a result, only 23 chromosomes remain in the cells instead of the required 46. The resulting spermatocyte turns into 4 spermatids. Normally, these spermatids cannot exist without additional support. Some cells may contain only chromosomes inherent in the male or female body, they are also considered -X. In addition, there are sex chromosomes that are characteristic only of males and cannot be in a woman's body. It is from the hit of any of the cells that the choice of gender in the future comes. Cell maturation
• Maturation. This is the key to the full development of germ cells. In the central part of the spermatogenic epithelium, the final formation of spermatozoa, which are capable of fertilization, takes place. Cells acquire the ability to move by forming in one of the sections of the flagellum. It is in it that the largest amount of mitochondria accumulates - those energy substances that provide the production of energy necessary for movement.
• Formation. Due to the presence of an acrosome in the area of the sperm head, a secretion is formed, which is responsible for penetration into the egg. In its absence, the cells lose their fertile qualities, which are necessary for further fertilization. At this stage, the cell becomes completely independent of the male body, and getting into the external environment, in particular the female body, it does not die at once, but remains active and capable of performing the main function for a certain period of time. After the final development of the cells in the process of maturation, the completion of spermatogenesis occurs and with the onset of an erection and subsequent ejaculation, the cells come out.

In some cases, new sprmatozoa stop forming, this may be due to environmental factors.