Male hyperplasia, causes of symptoms, treatment

Certain male diseases of the genitourinary system are sometimes benign in nature, but modern medicine successfully combats them with the help of medication and surgery. One of these diseases is called prostate adenoma, it is also called benign Prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

This neoplasm is characterized by uncontrolled growth of organ tissues, which is accompanied by unpleasant symptoms, deterioration of health. Most of all men suffer from this disease after 48 years. The manifestation of the disease is due to a decrease in the production of hormones in the body of men - this process leads to tumor growth.

Recently, the disease has become more common, this is due to the negative influence of certain factors on the function of the prostate. Timely identification of the causes allows you to diagnose pathology in time and eliminate it. For this, medication or surgical actions are taken.

General picture of the disease

Medical studies have shown that the disease (hyperplasia of the male gland) manifests itself due to age-related changes. This suggests that older men are more at risk of developing this disease. However, experts do not exclude such a phenomenon as an environmental factor, which can also negatively affect the male body, thus provoking hyperplasia.

Age-related changes are hormonal imbalances. This disorder in the body leads to an outbreak of various pathologies. During hormonal imbalance, the male body produces fewer androgens, which leads to more estrogen production. Due to this hormonal imbalance, there is a pronounced disturbance at the cellular level in the tissues of the prostate. They deform with obvious, uncontrolled growth.

Prostatic hyperplasia in the male half is an insidious disease. Its development occurs over a long period of time without any manifestations and disturbing symptoms (it can develop over decades, while the patient does not even know). Pronounced symptoms are observed in patients when the pathology takes on a chronic form. To avoid the development of the disease, doctors recommend regular medical examinations. On which, the attending physician prescribes tests, conducts consultations, gives the necessary recommendations to maintain men's health. A healthy genitourinary system is the key to a long, happy life for men.

Neither a weak or too active sex life, nor sexual orientation, as well as the use of alcohol, tobacco do not affect the manifestation of this disease. At least, medicine does not take this fact into account. You can also say about the transferred inflammatory or venereal disease, they do not directly affect the ratio of hyperplasia pathology.

Urologists are sure that age is the main culprit for the manifestation of this disease, of course you can add a poor-quality diet, alcohol, and a passive lifestyle to it. These factors are like negative collateral provocateurs.

Another important reason for the appearance of male hyperplasia can be called a hereditary factor with a genetic predisposition. If the ancestors in the male line, this pathology took place, it means that men of this genus can get sick with hyperplasia. Such men, after 35 years of age, should be examined annually for preventive purposes. This approach to the pathological process will make it possible to recognize the disease at an early stage, which will make it possible to slow down the growth of a neoplasm or eliminate it altogether.

How hyperplasia manifests itself, its varieties

Adenoma of the prostate hyperplasia), like other pathologies of the genital organs of the male body, have their own clinical picture with a certain severity.

Symptoms are considered based on the stages of the disease:

• compensated;
• subcompensated;
• decompensated.

At the compensated stage (initial), there is a slight delay in the process of urine emission. As you can see, the characteristic signs have no reason to take this change as a hazard. Retention of urination is characterized by a sluggish stream of urine, frequent urges at night are possible. On diagnosis, a specialist discovers an enlargement of the prostate gland with clear outlines of its boundaries. The groove of the organ located in the middle is well palpated without painful symptoms. The urinary tract is completely emptied. This stage of hyperplasia lasts from 12 to 36 months.

The subcompensated stage has more recognizable symptoms. There is a pronounced pressure on the urethra, which leads to a malfunction of the normal functioning and emptying of the bladder. The urine tank is constantly with the rest of the filling.Urination occurs in small quantities, which causes the bladder to stretch (the remaining urine stretches it). This leads to further leakage of urine when it is refilled. There is a change in the color of urine, it becomes cloudy with an admixture of a small amount of plasma.

The decompensated stage is manifested by a large stretching of the bladder due to the larger residues of urine in it. This is due to the strong enlargement of the prostate with enlargement. Urine leaks occur in a drip order. Stagnant processes fundamentally affect the color of the liquid (dark color of urine with blood). These processes negatively affect kidney health, leading to kidney failure.

Due to the fact that hyperplasia proceeds in three stages, the disease has 3 types of symptoms characteristic of each stage.

Prostatic hyperplasia has a cure. It is best, with the first noted discomfort, to immediately seek the help of a specialist. In this case, there is a possibility that the existing symptoms with the initial stage of the development of the disease can be eliminated quickly.

Combining the symptoms of all stages, a clear picture is formed:

• very weak jet, which is observed at the initial stage;
• Difficulty emitting urine at the beginning;
• frequent interruptions during urinary excretion;
• increased urge at night;
• impossibility of complete emptying of urea;
• passing urine occurs at short intervals;
• transformation into a chronic process due to urinary tract infections, which are provoked due to constant urine congestion;
• stone formation in the urinary tract and urinary tract;
• impaired kidney function;
• chronic retention of urine due to compression of the urine excretory canal;

All types of symptoms in hyperplasia disturb the patient individually or all at once. When one or more symptoms appear, you need to consult a specialized doctor to determine an accurate diagnosis. Because various male diseases of the genitourinary system have similar symptoms. A misdiagnosis leads to ineffective treatment, which threatens with serious consequences.

Possible complications

Any disease, if you do not start medical therapy on time, has a number of complex manifestations, which become much more difficult to deal with. Therefore, all pathological changes in the body must be eliminated at the initial stage.

The enlargement of the prostate gland occurs to a certain size, which is characterized by the difference in shape:

• subbubble;
• intravesical;
• retrotrigonal.

The subcystic form differs in the direction of growth of the neoplasm, which is directed towards the rectum.

Intravesical form - the formation is formed towards the bladder.

A retrotrigonal formation is formed under the urea triangle.

A number of possible complications:

• obstruction of the urinary tract;
• infectious diseases of the urine excretory canals;
• stone formation in the bladder;
• pathological processes of the kidneys;
• diverticula, urea rupture;
• acute urinary retention.

Obstruction of the pathways that excrete urine is marked by painful symptoms due to their stretching in the upper region. Examination reveals an increased size of the bladder, renal colic, damage to the male gland.

Hyperplasia of the male gland provokes a strong narrowing of the lumen of the channel emitting urine. This process is dangerous due to the multiplication of harmful microorganisms. These changes provoke infectious diseases regardless of the safety of sexual relations.

An overflowing bladder leads to the formation of sediment. Sediments transform into stone formations of various sizes.

The formation of diverticulums and ruptures occurs due to the incomplete emptying of the urine from the bladder. The walls of the bladder become unable to contract. These changes with thinning provoke a weakening, the pushing ability for urine removal is lost. Diverticula form in the thinner places, and during physical activity a rupture occurs in them.

Without the ability to eject urine, strong pressure is created on the kidneys. Long-term pathology leads to hydronephrosis. With acute retention of urine, it becomes impossible to empty the bladder. A sudden manifestation is marked by a strong pain syndrome, it is dangerous to rupture the urea. To relieve symptoms, an ambulance call is required. Employees install a catheter to relieve spasms, due to the expansion of the walls of the urinary tract, the urine is emptied as much as possible.

Diagnostics

BPH treatment is possible after a thorough diagnosis, which is carried out by specialized specialists.An error-free diagnosis is possible after thorough research, which consists of various measures.

A digital examination determines the size, consistency of the prostate, the degree of pain threshold, the presence of a groove on the gland (its presence is considered the norm).

Laboratory diagnostics consists of the following manipulations: delivery of general urine, plasma biochemistry, PSA (presence of antibodies). Instrumental examination is carried out using transrectal ultrasound equipment. Thanks to this research method, a clear picture of the size of the prostate lobes emerges.

Uroflowmetry sets the volume at the rate at which urine is released per emptying. Uretocytoscopy allows you to examine the condition of the walls in the bladder, urethra. This is necessary when a specialist suspects the presence of stones in the urinary tract, diverticula, ruptures. CT scans also reveal the presence of stones.

Methods of dealing with hyperplasia in males

At the initial stage of prostatic hyperplasia, therapeutic therapy is carried out with medication. The high efficiency of drug treatment of benign neoplasms is achieved by two groups of drugs. These are medicines for alpha blockers and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors.

There are a significant number of smooth muscle cells in the prostate and cervical urea. Their tone is regulated by the control of the spontaneous nervous system. Alpha receptors are nerve root receptors. An alpha blocker reduces muscle tone in the prostate and cervix. The result is an increase in urine flow rate with improvement in symptoms. The development of these drugs was foreseen for the treatment of high blood pressure.

An important side effect is orthostatic hypotension (dizziness due to a drop in pressure). The list of the most used medicines: Prozosin, Tamsupozin, Terarozosin, Doskazosin. Tamsuposin is considered a selective adrenergic receptor blocker. Its action is aimed at inhibiting the alpha receptors of the bladder and prostate.

Thanks to alpha-blockers, it is possible to treat patients who have a residual urine volume (less than 320 ml) without recommendations for surgical intervention. Studies have shown that after taking these drugs, symptoms improved by 55% with an increase in urine flow rate.

Taking alpha-blockers shows a high efficacy of the therapeutic effect. The greatest result is seen after 14 days. In 95% of cases, patients are well tolerated.

When is treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia with alpha-blockers discontinued? Basically, with dizziness, hypotension, insufficient effectiveness, therapy is discontinued. Also, Side effects include abnormal or retrograde ejaculation, which occurs in 6.5% of patients after taking Tamsulosin.

5 alpha-reductase blockers eliminate the production of dihedrotestosterone (male hormone) by reducing the size of the male gland by counteracting the obstruction of the urethra. Most often, it is recommended to take Finasteride, Dutasteride, Permikson. These drugs are used for therapy with a diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia, effective treatment is more effective with a large prostate.

The result of therapy is achieved in six months. A drug such as Feasteride is recommended in cases of urinary retention. During a four-year admission, half of the patients avoid surgery. Side effects include enlargement of the breast glands, small volumes of ejaculant, impotence, and an underestimated PSA level by 48%.

In advanced cases, prostatic hyperplasia requires surgical treatment. This is an open and minimally invasive form of surgery, and embolization is also used on the arteries of the prostate.

During an open surgical intervention, an invasion of the walls of the urea occurs. This is traumatic enough, but effective. In a minimally invasive way, an incision in the urine canal is avoided. Embolization is done through an artery in the thigh to block the arteries of the prostate.

Treatment of prostatic hyperplasia is possible without surgery:

• balloon dilatation (dilation of the narrowed area);
• insertion of stents into the narrowed area;
• transurethral ablation;
• cryodestruction.

Dysplasia in men is being successfully treated today, the main thing is to contact a medical institution in time, where a specialized specialist will select the necessary therapy method.