Factors affecting prostate cancer

Causes of prostate cancer: main risk factors

Prostate cancer is one of the most well-studied and successfully treated diseases. However, in order to completely defeat it, it is necessary to understand how and why the process of degeneration of healthy tissue cells of an organ into malignant ones is triggered.

Knowledge of the mechanisms that lead to the appearance of a cancerous tumor in the prostate gland will allow doctors to succeed even more not only in the treatment, but also in the prevention of the disease. Therefore, great attention is paid to the study of its etiology.

The relevance of searching for the origins of the problem is more than obvious: every second man over the age of 55 and 80% of men over 80 suffer from PROSTATE CANCER.

Although scientists have not yet been able to identify the exact causes of prostate cancer, like any other oncological pathology, the relationship between its development and certain risk factors is clearly visible.

The main ones are:

• aging;
• Belonging to the Negroid race;
• close relatives (father, brother) have prostate cancer

In addition, the likelihood of illness increases:

• with an increased level of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), which is often observed in men who are overweight or tall;
• with an excess of cadmium that enters the body with cigarette smoke or from the environment (in printing houses, during welding, the manufacture of rubber products), as well as with water and agricultural products (vegetables and grains) contaminated with waste from oil refineries and metallurgical enterprises;
• with an unbalanced diet with a predominance of red meat, sweets and a lack of fruits and vegetables;
• with irregular sexual life;
• when the normal concentration of testosterone in the blood is exceeded;
• after a vasectomy, a surgical operation during which the vas deferens is tied or part of it is removed.

Diseases that increase the likelihood of prostate cancer

It has been established that the risk of developing a neoplasm is increased in men who have had prostatitis. The greatest danger is the chronic form of the infectious process, in which for a long time the symptoms are erased or practically absent. This leads to a change in metabolism in the tissues of the organ, which creates a favorable environment for the appearance and development of neoplasms.

Gonorrhea can also be a cause of Prostate cancer. However, doctors still cannot determine how this happens: timely modern treatment in the vast majority of cases avoids the development of gonorrheal prostatitis, but the likelihood of developing a tumor still remains elevated.

Diabetes and being overweight create ideal conditions for cancer to develop

Patients with diabetes mellitus are at risk. The probability of tumor growth in this case increases the excess weight characteristic of diabetics.

Preventive measures

Given the possible causes of prostate cancer, it is useful and correct:

Monitor weight and blood sugar levels, if necessary, adjusting nutrition and increasing physical activity; when working in hazardous industries, undergo regular preventive examinations and eat foods rich in cadmium antagonists - selenium and iron; quit smoking and avoid being in the same room with people who smoke; have a regular sex life, avoiding casual contacts; include or add fiber-rich foods, seafood, fish, dairy products to the diet, while reducing the consumption of beef, pork, lamb, milk, butter; It is useful for older men to include seafood in their diet

• after the age of 45, periodically visit a urologist and donate blood to analyze the level of PSA.

It must be understood that following these recommendations does not completely eliminate the possibility of the disease. Especially if the man is in a high-risk group. To detect the problem at the earliest stage, doctors often recommend such patients to undergo screening diagnostics, including MRI, as the most informative of the currently existing methods of preventive examination of the prostate.

Scanning on a modern high-field MRI tomograph is included in the complex of screening studies

Why is it more correct to talk about risk factors, and not about the causes of prostate cancer

Despite the association of genetic predisposition, old age and race with the appearance of malignant neoplasms, confirmed by numerous studies, they cannot be called the causes of PROSTATE cancer.

Of course, an elderly black man with a poor family history is very likely to get sick, but this may not happen. At the same time, it cannot be completely excluded that the tumor will not appear in a middle-aged man with fair skin and an uncomplicated family history. The same applies to all other factors listed above - none of them leads to the development of the disease in 100% of cases, even if added to others.

Prostate cancer: causes, clinical picture, modern methods of diagnosis and treatment

Prostate cancer is a disease that affects only representatives of the strong half of humanity. All men over 40 are at risk.

Every tenth elderly patient dies from this disease, as many turn to the doctor when the disease has acquired an advanced form.

The Causes of prostate cancer in men are very different, and its main insidiousness is that the disease is often almost asymptomatic. But the quality of life of the patient depends on how early the first signs of the disease are detected.

Prostate cancer is a malignant neoplasm that grows in the tissues of the prostate gland.

The initial stage of the disease is easy to miss, a person does not notice any changes.

The first symptoms resemble those characteristic of prostatitis:

• feeling of an incompletely empty bladder;
• intermittent urine stream;
• Cheering and urinary incontinence

With the further spread of the disease into the cells of the diseased organ, the following are observed:

• pain during urination and ejaculation;
• hemospermia;
• groin pain;
• back pain;
• blood in urine;
• sexual dysfunction.

What causes prostate cancer?

Modern medicine diagnoses four stages of prostate cancer: early, advanced, progressive and metastasizing to other organs.

The following causes of prostate cancer in men are distinguished:

Hereditary-genetic predisposition. If one of the close relatives, for example, a brother or father, was sick in the family, then men from the closest relatives are at risk. Moreover, the disease can catch at a young age, when a man does not even think about preventive measures and examination for the presence of the disease. It is also more likely to get sick if any of the women in the family has breast cancer; nutrition. The likelihood of getting cancer increases with a large intake of animal fats, as well as fatty foods. Eating vegetables and fiber, on the contrary, reduces this likelihood. A diet low in animal fats reduces blood levels of testosterone, which is a steroid hormone and plays an important role in the appearance of a tumor. Such nutrition reduces the risk of tumor growths in the prostate gland; overweight. This factor is not a direct cause of prostate cancer, but, nevertheless, a hormonal failure that occurs in the body as a result of obesity can provoke this disease; geographical location of the place of residence. Those men who live in southern latitudes are less at risk of prostate cancer. It can be concluded that the amount of ultraviolet radiation directly affects the development of tumors. The more vitamin D the body receives, the less likely they are to appear; occupation. Work in hazardous industries has always been an aggravating factor for the occurrence of the most serious diseases, including cancer. All kinds of toxic substances that enter the body contribute to the development of cancer cells. Cadmium is very dangerous for men - a trace element that is present in large quantities in tobacco smoke and batteries. Large doses of cadmium are encountered by printing house workers, welders, and electroplaters. Those who work in paint and varnish factories, in chemical production, and are also exposed to radiation, are also at risk of getting prostate cancer; smoking. Smoking itself does not cause cancer, but nicotine and toxic substances in cigarettes can cause cancer, including prostate cancer. belonging to a particular racial group. Prostate cancer is common among black South Africans; some urological procedures. Those who have had a vasectomy (sterilization) are at risk. A visit to the doctor Among the main Causes of prostate cancer, as mentioned above, is the advanced age of patients.

A man should contact a specialist:

• if age is over 55;
• if the last visit to the doctor was more than a year ago.

A urologist is a doctor involved in the prevention and diagnosis of diseases of the urinary system, as well as their treatment.

An oncologist diagnoses and treats benign and malignant tumors. They are able to penetrate into any human tissues and organs, and the symptoms of the disease depend on the affected organ and the size of the neoplasm.

The earlier the disease is diagnosed and treated, the more likely it is to be cured.

The method of radical prostatectomy gives hope for the life of 80% of patients for up to five years, and 50% of patients for a ten-year period. Orchiectomy prolongs the life of only 50% of patients.

Diagnosis

Whether a man is at risk for prostate cancer or not, diagnostic measures to identify the disease will help reduce its likelihood or facilitate its course.

The following examinations are performed to detect prostate cancer:

After diagnostic measures, the specialist prescribes treatment:

• drug treatment - chemotherapy or hormone therapy;
• cryotherapy;
• radiosurgery;
• biological therapy or immunotherapy;
• high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation.

The choice of treatment depends on the severity of the disease.

Related video

Causes of prostate cancer in men and symptoms characteristic of this disease:

So, in 90% of cases, the cause of prostate cancer lies in a combination of factors such as smoking, diet, external influences and genetic propensity for the appearance of tumors. You can cure the disease completely, or significantly improve the quality of life of the patient and life expectancy if the disease is detected at an early stage of the onset of the tumor. All men after forty years of age should be regularly examined for the likelihood of a tumor. Preventive measures include: giving up bad habits, a balanced diet, maintaining an active lifestyle, minimal contact with toxic substances.

Factors affecting prostate cancer

RISK FACTORS FOR PROSTATE CANCER Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in older men. The older you are, the higher the risk. More than 60% of men over 65 have prostate cancer, and by the age of 80, 80% of men have prostate cancer. Age is the most significant risk factor for prostate cancer. About two-thirds of prostate cancer cases are diagnosed in men over 65.

It is believed that the risk of prostate cancer is higher in men who have close relatives with (or have suffered from) prostate cancer. The risk is doubled if your father or brother had prostate cancer. Experts believe that up to 10% of all cases of this disease are genetic forms.

Prostate cancer is estimated to be about 60% more common in blacks. However, experts say that this risk mostly depends on the region of residence and, accordingly, eating habits, that is, on the diet.

BPH and prostatitis can cause symptoms similar to prostate cancer, but there is no evidence that these conditions increase the risk of developing cancer.

Increased sexual activity has been shown to reduce the risk of prostate cancer.

High calcium levels.

According to recent studies, a strong relationship has been found between the calcium content in the diet and an increased risk of prostate cancer. Men whose daily diet contains more than 2000 mg of calcium have a higher risk of developing prostate cancer. In addition, the same positive relationship was found between prostate cancer and the amount of dairy products consumed, but after the elimination of calcium, it disappeared.

PSA levels are lower in obese men.

A screening study for PSA in the blood showed that in obese men, the PSA content in the blood can undergo changes. This happens because due to the larger volume of blood in obese men, hemodilution (dilution of a substance in the blood) occurs in the body. When analyzing blood, it seems that the content of this substance in it is low or normal, but in fact it is increased. An elevated PSA level in the body is, as it were, diluted by the patient's own blood. In conclusion, the researchers conclude that in obese men, PSA analysis may not be accurate enough, which is accompanied by diagnostic errors.

Obesity and risk of death from prostate cancer.

Scientists have found that the risk of dying from prostate cancer in men who are obese at the time they are diagnosed with this disease is twice as high as in men with normal weight. This is more proof that you need to change your diet and lifestyle habits. Although obesity is one of the risk factors for more aggressive prostate cancer, it is not entirely clear how it affects survival after treatment.A study on the relationship between body mass index and death from prostate cancer showed that, compared with men with a normal body mass index (below 25), men with a body mass index of 25 to 30 had a 1.5-fold mortality rate from prostate cancer more often, and with an index above 30, mortality increased by 1.6 times. After 5 years, mortality from prostate cancer among patients with a body mass index below 25 was 6.5%, at 25 30 13.1%, and at more than 30 12.2%. In conclusion, the scientists note that although treatment in obese men may be less effective than in patients with normal weight, this should not somehow change the tactics of treatment in men.

Conditionally, all the causes of prostate cancer can be divided into three groups.

Identified risk factors - proven by research.

Possible risk factors are not supported by all studies.

Potential risk factors have not been proven by studies, but there is an assumption that they play a significant role in the development of the tumor process in the prostate gland.

IDENTIFIED RISK FACTORS

This is the most important risk factor, approximately seventy percent of men over the age of eighty have histological evidence of prostate cancer. The chance of developing prostate cancer is less than one in ten thousand in men under 39, one in one hundred and three in men forty to fifty-nine, and one in eight in men sixty to seventy-nine.

Hereditary causes of prostate cancer account for approximately nine percent of all prostate cancers and forty-five percent of all cases in men under fifty-five years of age. But there are exceptions to the rule, recently cancer, in general, has become younger, now there are twenty-year-old patients in oncology clinics.

Men who have close relatives who have (or have had) prostate cancer are thought to have a higher risk of prostate cancer. If your father or brother had prostate cancer, it doubles your risk of getting it. Moreover, the risk is higher for those whose brother had prostate cancer. Well, the more family members suffer from prostate cancer, the risk of getting sick is even higher. Therefore, these men in such families should be monitored after 40 years.

Studies have identified several genes that are responsible for the risk of prostate cancer. However, testing for these genes is not yet possible. Experts believe that genetic forms of prostate cancer account for up to 10% of all cases of this disease.

LIKELY RISK FACTORS

Increased consumption of animal fats.

The risk of disease increases with increased consumption of animal fats. That is, when eating a large amount of meat, fat, oily fish, fried foods, milk and high-fat dairy products, smoked meats, salty foods, chips, as well as various hamburgers and fast food.

It will be most useful to cook food for a couple, categorically do not refuse meat at all, but consume it in reasonable amounts required by the body per day, consume more vegetables and fruits.

It is believed that a diet rich in lycopenes, which are antioxidants (found in some fruits and vegetables such as tomatoes, grapefruits, watermelons), may reduce the risk of prostate cancer, which is supported by some studies.

Sedentary, sedentary lifestyle.

Moderate physical activity also plays an important role, since a sedentary, sedentary lifestyle, or sedentary work, also have a great influence on the development of a prostate tumor. Since in this case there is a stagnation of blood circulation in the small pelvis and cells experiencing oxygen starvation begin to change and acquire new functions, which is the impetus for the onset of tumor growth.

POTENTIAL RISK FACTORS

Increased content of cadmium in food

The increased content of cadmium in food is a chemical element found in products fertilized and grown on hormonal supplements.

Low vitamin D

Low levels of vitamin D also affect the development of prostate cancer. Studies have been conducted in which two groups of people were involved within the same age category, approximately from forty to eighty years old. The first group lived in the southern countries, and the second group spent most of their lives in the northern regions. So, in the course of this study, it was found that residents of southern countries get prostate cancer much less often than people of the same age group in northern countries.

Urogenital infections play a significant role in the development of prostate cancer. These are, for example, pathogens such as chlamydia, trichomonas, pale treponema, gonococcus - the causative agent of gonococcal infection, mycoplasma.All these infections directly or indirectly affect normal cells and thereby cause irreversible changes in them, which is the starting point for the development and growth of the tumor.

Hormons also play an important role in the development of prostate cancer. Namely, male sex hormones - androgens, which in themselves, of course, are not carcinogens, but play the role of a stimulating factor in the development of a malignant tumor of the prostate gland. The development of a tumor does not depend on the amount of hormones and the temperament of a man, it depends on the body as a whole, on the immune system, whether your system will be able to recognize the “other cell” in time, and only then cope with it.

Today, in Israel, breast cancer can be completely cured. According to the Israeli Ministry of Health, Israel currently has a 95% survival rate for this disease. This is the highest rate in the world

Today, the standard of care for clinically localized prostate cancer (i.e., limited to the prostate), and therefore curable, is either various surgical methods or radiation therapy methods (brachytherapy). The cost of diagnosing and treating prostate cancer in Germany will be from 15.000 to 17.000

This type of surgical treatment was developed by the American surgeon Frederick Moss and has been successfully used in Israel for the past 20 years. The definition and criteria for Mohs surgery were developed by the American College of Mohs Surgery (ACMS) in collaboration with the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD).

• Breast cancer
• Oncogynecology
• Lung cancer
• Prostate cancer Risk factors for prostate cancer
• Prostate cancer symptoms
• Classification of prostate cancer
• Prostate cancer diagnosis
• Prostate cancer digital rectal examination
• Prostate cancer - PSA testing
• Prostate cancer - ultrasound
• Prostate cancer - biopsy
• Prostate cancer MRI
• Prostate cancer - computed tomography (CT)
• Prostate cancer - cystoscopy
• Prostate cancer - genetic tests
• Prostate cancer - endolgin tests
• Prostate cancer treatment
• Prostate cancer: expectant management
• Prostate cancer - radical prostatectomy
• Prostate cancer - robotic prostatectomy
• Prostate cancer - complications of surgical treatment
• Prostate cancer - surgical treatment and survival
• Prostate cancer - cryosurgery
• Prostate Cancer - High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HFU)
• Prostate cancer - lumpectomy
• Prostate cancer lymphadenectomy
• Prostate cancer - chemotherapy
• Prostate cancer - hormone therapy
• Prostate cancer - PSA levels during hormone therapy
• Prostate cancer - hormone therapy and diabetes
• Prostate cancer - radiotherapy
• Prostate cancer - targeted therapy
• Prostate cancer - experimental treatments
• Side effects of prostate cancer treatment
• Prostate cancer and fatigue
• Early stage prostate cancer
• Locally advanced prostate cancer
• Treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer
• Locally advanced prostate cancer - hormone therapy
• Locally advanced prostate cancer - surgical treatment
• Locally advanced prostate cancer cryosurgery
• Local advanced prostate cancer high-intensity focused ultrasound
• Metastatic prostate cancer
• Prostate cancer - bone metastases
• Recurrent prostate cancer
• Prevention of osteoporosis in prostate cancer
• Prevention of prostate cancer
• Prostate cancer vaccination
• Nutrition and prostate cancer
• Prostate cancer vitamins and minerals
• Prostate cancer - fruits and vegetables
• Prostate cancer - dishes from tomatoes in the diet of men
• Prostate cancer - meat and fat
• Prostate cancer - ginseng and flaxseed
• Prostate Cancer - Recommended Diet
• Prostate Cancer - Soy Diet
• Prostate cancer - low carbohydrate diet
• Prostate Cancer - Vegetarian Diet
• Prostate cancer treatment in Germany
• Prostate cancer treatment in Israel

Nano-knife cancer treatment

Nano-Knife is the latest technology for the radical treatment of cancer of the pancreas, liver, kidneys, lungs, prostate, metastases and recurrence of cancer. The NanoKnife electrocutes soft tissue tumors, minimizing the risk of damage to nearby organs or blood vessels.

CyberKnife cancer treatment

The CyberKnife technology was developed by a group of doctors, physicists and engineers at Stanford University. This technique was approved by the FDA for the treatment of intracranial tumors in August 1999, and for tumors elsewhere in the body in August 2001. At the beginning of 2011 there were about 250 installations. The system is actively spreading around the world.

Proton therapy for cancer treatment

PROTON THERAPY radiosurgery of a proton beam or heavily charged particles. Freely moving protons are extracted from hydrogen atoms. For this, a special apparatus is used, which separates negatively charged electrons. The remaining positively charged particles are protons. In a particle accelerator (cyclotron), protons in a strong electromagnetic field are accelerated along a spiral trajectory to a huge speed equal to 60% of the speed of light 180,000 km/s.