Semen analysis of analysis results

Spermogram in a diagnostic method for the study of semen ejaculate in men. Allows you to decipher the composition and general condition of the sperm, the viability of sperm and their adaptability to fertilization of the egg. Based on the results of the analysis, doctors issue a conclusion why, for one reason or another, a married couple cannot have children.

A similar problem today is not uncommon for young couples. The basis for carrying out a spermogram may be planning a pregnancy, IVF (artificial insemination) or simply a man's desire to be convinced of the ability to conceive, if it does not work out to have a child of his own for a long time, even with regular sexual intercourse.

When is ejaculate normal?

When doctors have to decipher a spermogram, the WHO table is taken as a basis, according to which it is customary to read macroscopic (microscopic) sperm indicators.

Normally, ejaculate parameters and spermogram results in men are as follows:

• volume in 2-6ml;
• acidity-7.2 - 7.8 pN;
• color - milky, gray, whitish;
• liquefaction rate - 10-60 minutes;
• viscosity - small threadlike droplets with viscosity up to 2 cm long;
• the distance after thinning the threads is 0.5 cm;
• total sperm count - up to 600 million;
• semen density - no more than 120 million per ml of ejaculate;
• sperm motility of class (A) over 25%, B over 50%;
• sperm immobility in less than 50%;
• leukocyte level up to 1 million cells;
• the presence of immature germ cells in no more than 4%;
• the smell is peculiar;
• 7.2 hydrogen units

The allowed period of abstinence is 2-6 days. Erythrocytes, mucus and blood particles should not be present in healthy sperm.

Reasons for rejection

Abnormalities in the spermogram can be discussed in the case of a clearly underestimated level of live and full-fledged spermatozoa, or their complete absence.

Also observed:

• poor sperm quality;
• decreased motility, sperm viability;
• slowing down the movement speed;
• low percentage of motile sperm, which clearly prevents conception.

Often, deviations in men are diagnosed with age with the eruption of sperm into the bladder. Orgasm may be present, but sperm as such is not released or released. This phenomenon is called retrograde ejaculation, when the number of sperm in the ejaculate decreases significantly, the cause of which is Klinefelter's syndrome or a genetic disorder.

The provoking factors of pathology can be:

• vitamin deficiency, lack of vitamins and minerals in the body;
• abuse of alcohol, medicines (steroids, sleeping pills);
• frequent use of lubricants;
• high fever, fever;
• diseases of the genitourinary system (prostatitis, orchitis, varicocele);
• pathological manifestations of the endocrine system (thyroid dysfunction, hypothalamic disorder, diabetes mellitus);
• smoking;
• sedentary lifestyle;
• long-term antibiotic treatment;
• exposure to radiation, ions, electromagnetic waves;
• wearing tight tight underwear;
• frequent stress, nervousness.

Types of semen analysis

Taking into account the volume of semen taken for research, the following types of spermogram are distinguished:

• basic with interpretation of indicators according to WHO standards;
• sperm morphology according to Kruger;
• MAR in a test to identify antisperm cells that contribute to the destruction of sperm;
• extended when conducting 3 studies at once in the complex of suspicion or detection of any pathology.

In addition, to understand how to decipher the spermogram and the composition of the ejaculate, it is possible to carry out:

• biochemical analysis to determine the% ratio of carnitine, glycosides, fructose, zinc in sperm;
• phase contrast microscopy by adding hematoxylin (dye) to assess the function, structure of the sperm.

How to get tested?

For a spermogram, in order to decipher the analysis more accurate, men should prepare and adhere to some recommendations:

• give up alcohol 3-4 days in advance;
• do not visit the bathhouse, sauna, hot baths in 2 days;
• refuse to work in unfavorable difficult conditions for 1 week;
• stop taking medications (sleeping pills, sedatives, antibiotics) in 2 weeks;
• refrain from sex for 3 days;
• do not use lubricants, other chemicals before sampling.

The ejaculate should be delivered to the laboratory only fresh, preferably 1 hour after sampling with an ambient temperature close to that of your own body.

If necessary, you can hold the container with ejaculate under the armpit and thus deliver it fresh to the laboratory.

Interpreting Results

When decoding the ejaculate, sperm analysis, it is taken into account:

• quantitative, qualitative composition of semen;
• degree of sperm motility and viability;
• morphological signs, taking into account medical terminology.

The study of indicators and the interpretation of spermogram is carried out by doctors according to the WHO table.

Based on the analysis results, the following conclusion is issued:

How to improve sperm quality?

To improve the quality and mobility of sperm, to normalize the reproductive activity of the male genital organs means to eliminate any harmful influence from the outside (bad habits), to normalize nutrition, work and rest. The body is adapted to self-regulation. But with age in men, many internal ones begin to fail. Simple preventive measures are essential.

What to do:

• refuse to live in an ecologically unfavorable area;
• exercise, move more, avoid a sedentary lifestyle;
• avoid overheating, hypothermia;
• carry out physiotherapy exercises, include exercises for muscles, abdominal pelvic floor;
• timely treat endocrine, urological diseases;
• take vitamins, biostimulants as prescribed by a doctor to improve the quality of spermogram. Doctors recommend supplements (Speman, Spermaktin) with vitamins (carnitine), amino acids. It is possible to take antioxidant complexes to bind free radicals, increase sperm motility.

It is important to reconsider your diet, eat extremely healthy foods: seeds, pomegranates, asparagus, avocados, tomatoes, apples, bananas, nuts, fruits.

It's no secret that sperm motility increases with increasing temperature and decreases significantly at T - below 18g. That is why the sampling of sperm analysis is best done in a special thermostat with a temperature close to the body.

It is important to understand that the frequency of intercourse cannot be taken as a basis, although couples should not save on sperm. It is desirable that intercourse be up to 3-4 times a week, and even with permissible deviations of spermogram indices from the norm, there is a high probability of conception, the onset of the desired pregnancy.

Today, the problem can be solved by prescribing supporting hormonal drugs for men in order to improve the quality of sperm, otherwise one can hardly expect a child to be born. If for some reason conception does not work, then married couples should not postpone with examination, treatment in order to reveal a complete picture of the state of reproductive functions, to assess mobility, the number of sperm in the ejaculate.

A detailed spermogram and interpretation of the results, along with other research methods, allows many married couples not to start the problem, to be treated at the initial stage in order to bring their desire to be parents as close as possible, and in a short time.