Diseases pyelitis pyelonephritis urethritis cystitis

Pyelonephritis. Cystitis. Urethritis

Diseases of the kidneys, bladder, urinary tract are quite common in the daily practice of a urologist. These are inflammatory diseases, the cause of which is the penetration of infectious agents into the kidneys and urinary tract.

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Pyelonephritis is an acute or chronic disease in which there is damage to the renal parenchyma, pelvis, and calyces. The most common causative agents of acute pyelonephritis are staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus, E. coli. Chronic pyelonephritis is most often the result of an untreated acute disease. Predisposing factors are past acute and chronic infections, including genital infections, urinary outflow disorders, the presence of background diseases (diabetes mellitus, immunopathies, obesity, tonsillitis, influenza), a significant decrease in the body's immune defense factors. More often, female patients suffer from pyelonephritis, but the occurrence of the disease in men is not excluded. Acute pyelonephritis is characterized by a sudden increase in body temperature, chills, pain in the lumbar region with an increase on the side of the lesion. Symptoms of intoxication appear quite quickly. Chronic pyelonephritis for a long time can proceed without any manifestations, only during the period of exacerbation does pain appear in the lumbar region on the side of the affected kidney. In patients suffering from pyelonephritis, changes in blood pressure and edema are often detected. When determining the diagnosis, the doctor focuses on the patient's complaints, medical history, examination data, clinical and laboratory studies (blood, urine, kidney ultrasound, excretory urography). For the competent selection of drug therapy, bacteriological urine culture with the determination of the sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics is of no small importance. The complex of therapeutic measures includes methods and drugs that eliminate the cause of the disease (antibiotics, methods for restoring urodynamics, improving blood supply to the kidneys, restoring the body's immune defenses and individual symptoms.

Cystitis is an inflammatory disease of the bladder. Most common in women. The infection enters the bladder in an ascending way (through the urethra and from the vagina) or as a result of the formation of a focus of chronic infection in the body. Predisposing factors are inflammatory infectious diseases of the urogenital tract, impaired urine outflow from the bladder, hypothermia, age-related decrease in natural protective barriers, and a violation of the composition of the vaginal microflora. Often the provoking factor is pregnancy, sexual contact.

The most characteristic symptom of the disease is frequent and painful urination, painful urge to urinate with a minimum volume of urine.

Acute cystitis is characterized by fever, pain in the lower abdomen. Many patients make a big mistake when trying to get rid of cystitis with the help of advice from friends or magazine articles. At best, you will not succeed, and at worst, you risk getting a chronic process and many complications. In most cases, clinical and laboratory studies help establish the diagnosis, especially bacteriological culture of urine. Knowing the causative agent of the disease and its sensitivity to drugs, the doctor will select the most effective drug for you. In addition to etiological treatment, methods are used aimed at observing the regimen and diet, restoring urine flow, and restorative. Restoration of normal vaginal biocinosis is important. This allows not only to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment of cystitis, but also will have a preventive effect.

Urethritis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the urethra. The causes of the disease can be viruses, bacterial infection, sexually transmitted infections, mycosis, traumatic damage to the urethra during catheterization, metabolic diseases, impaired passage of urine. Most often among patients with urethritis are men. The patient complains of discomfort in the vulva, burning, pain during urination, difficulty in this process. A rather specific sign is discharge from the urethra, which differ in characteristics depending on the causative agent of urethritis. Infection most often occurs sexually. After the end of the incubation period, an asymptomatic course may occur or specific discharge and a different clinic appear. Do not postpone a visit to the clinic, the sooner the disease is detected, the higher the likelihood of a full recovery. Our specialists will prescribe you a course of medications (taking into account the sensitivity of the pathogen or other factors).etiological factors), agents for external use, physiotherapy techniques.

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Cystitis and pyelonephritis: how are they related, how to treat

The bladder and kidneys are the constituent elements of one system that ensures the removal of urine from the body. In these organs, an inflammatory process can develop that disrupts the function of the urinary tract. Cystitis and pyelonephritis have similar and distinctive features, as well as their own characteristics in the treatment.

What is cystitis: development mechanism

Among the diseases of the genitourinary system, cystitis is considered a particularly unpleasant ailment for women. It arises due to many external and internal causes. The most common provoking factor is hypothermia or an infection from the rectum that has entered the urethra.

Pathology often affects women due to the specifics of the anatomical structure. The shorter and wider urethra is closer to the anus, which allows the infection to reach the bladder faster. Also, pathogenic bacteria can enter from the vagina. Therefore, disturbed microflora, thrush, sexually transmitted diseases lead to cystitis.

The mechanism of the development of the disease has 4 ways:

Cystitis is accompanied by frequent and painful urge to urinate. If left untreated, the disease can develop and spread to neighboring organs.

Causes of pyelonephritis

The prerequisites for the development of pyelonephritis are similar to the factors that cause cystitis. If a woman or a man has reduced immunity, and pathogenic microorganisms have entered the kidneys, an inflammatory process begins. People who are promiscuous are also susceptible to the disease.

Causes of pyelonephritis:

• Upstream infection. Often pyelonephritis occurs after cystitis or urethritis.
• Chronic diseases: diabetes mellitus, pathology of the intestines, duodenum, gallbladder, tonsillitis.
• Old age.
• Respiratory diseases.
• Mechanical trauma to the kidneys.
• Obesity
• Defloration, pregnancy and childbirth.
• Congenital pathologies of the development of the kidney, pelvis, ureters, urethra, bladder.
• Urolithiasis, vesicoureteral reflux (backflow of urine into the kidneys).
• Benign and malignant neoplasms in the kidneys, urethra and bladder.
• Toxic poisoning with poisons and chemicals, allergic reactions.
• Prostate cancer.

Also, acute pyelonephritis occurs after hypothermia. If it is easy to dress in the cold season, wear short skirts, shorts and bare your back, you can catch a cold.

It is impossible to ignore the violation of the kidneys, as the disease can develop into a chronic form. It is much more difficult to cure such a condition, and relapses of the pathology are characterized by severe back pain, general weakness, sudden weight loss, impaired urination.

Similar and different symptoms of diseases

The symptoms of diseases of the genitourinary system are often similar. Any disturbances in the functioning of the kidneys or bladder lead to frequent or difficult toilet, painful sensations. Therefore, pyelonephritis and cystitis, especially chronic forms, are often confused.

Similar signs of two diseases:

• increased urge to urinate;
• drawing pain in the lower abdomen, back, when urinating, at rest;
• the appearance of protein, bacteria, blood in the urine;
• at the acute stage of the disease - weakness, insomnia, fever, nausea, vomiting.

The difference between the diseases lies in the different localization of pain: with pyelonephritis, pulling pain in the abdomen and lower back, with cystitis, burning and acute attacks in the pubic area and genital organs. Inflammation of the kidney and pelvis is characterized by high fever and severe weakness; if the bladder is affected, these symptoms are absent.

You can also diagnose the disease using a urine test. The content of proteins increases in the case of pyelonephritis. With cystitis, a predominant number of leukocytes is observed. Chronic forms are characterized by pulling pains in the area of inflammation.

The defeat of the kidneys and pelvis is a malignant disease, but to a greater extent than cystitis.

Due to inflammation, infiltrates and abscesses form on the kidney tissues. Due to the violation of the outflow of urine in the body, poisoning with toxins occurs. The patient develops nausea and severe vomiting.

Pyelonephritis as a complication of cystitis or vice versa?

Untreated cystitis can develop into pyelonephritis. In the ureters, the infection rises and affects the kidney mucosa. Also, the pathology develops as a result of the symptoms of an inflamed bladder: a weakened body, urinary stasis, vesicoureteral reflux. This way of spreading pathogenic bacteria is more typical for women.Kidney disease at an early stage is asymptomatic, exacerbation is expressed in fever and bouts of severe back pain.

Inflamed kidneys, especially if the process is chronic, can transmit the infection through the ureters to the bladder. This course of the disease is more typical for men.

Pyelonephritis is a rarer disease of the genitourinary system than cystitis, which occurs 4 times more often in women and 3 times more often in men. Each of these pathologies proceeds in isolation or passes to the mucous membranes of neighboring organs. Inflammation of the kidneys can also provoke urolithiasis, which in turn causes inflammation of the bladder.

Differential diagnosis

To prescribe effective treatment, the doctor must determine the cause of the onset of unpleasant symptoms. Diagnosis of cystitis and pyelonephritis is carried out with the help of laboratory tests, hardware and instrumental examination of the affected organs.

Basic methods for diagnosing cystitis:

If there is a suspicion of pyelonephritis, then the patient needs to donate urine and blood. According to general tests, the presence of infection, the stage of the disease are diagnosed. An ultrasound of the kidneys and pelvis is also prescribed, on which the wall thickness and the degree of mobility of the affected organ are determined. With chronic inflammation, the kidneys shrink.

Unlike diagnosing cystitis, Zimnitsky's urine sample is taken for pyelonephritis. During the day, urine is collected, the volume of liquid is measured during the day and at night.

How to treat cystitis with pyelonephritis

When an inflammatory process is detected in the organs of the genitourinary system, the patient is prescribed drug therapy and bed rest. Pyelonephritis is a more serious pathology that is treated in a hospital. If acute cystitis is detected, the patient can take medication at home, but under the supervision of a doctor.

The main drugs prescribed for inflammation of the kidneys and bladder:

• Antibacterial therapy using broad-spectrum drugs (antibiotics Monural, Amikacin, Cefipim).
• Antispasmodics and analgesics that relieve pain and urinary outflow disorders ("No-shpa", "Drotaverine").
• Treatment with NSAIDs (Meloxicam, Voltaren).
• Preparations for restoring the microflora of the intestines, vagina ("Creon", Bifiform, "Bifidumbacterin").
• Therapy with folk remedies: decoctions and teas from medicinal herbs (chamomile, thyme, dill, parsley, wild rose), cranberry juice, herbal baths with the addition of sea salt.

A strict diet and plenty of fluids are also recommended. Diuretics are prescribed in extreme cases. Treatment of pyelonephritis and cystitis is carried out in tablets or injections, depending on the severity of the disease. With timely treatment and assistance provided, the recovery period is several weeks. It will take up to two months to eliminate the chronic inflammatory process.

Preventive measures

To prevent urination disorders, you should dress according to the weather to avoid hypothermia. Also, wash your face thoroughly after going to the toilet and after sex. The following preventive measures are recommended:

• Proper nutrition: avoiding fatty foods, alcohol.
• At least 1.5 liters of water consumed daily.
• Sports: running, cycling, gymnastics, aimed at improving blood circulation in the pelvis.
• Timely treatment of infectious, bacteriological and fungal diseases.
• Regular urination, cannot be tolerated or defecate incompletely.

If you still have had cystitis or pyelonephritis, be sure to follow the doctor's recommendations:

• Don't use salt, especially after kidney inflammation.
• Vinegar, sorrel and other products enriched with acids should not be added to salads and dishes.
• A preventive visit to the doctor is necessary, a urine test to identify the condition of the organs of the genitourinary system.

Inflammatory processes in the kidneys and bladder cause discomfort to the patient. They cause complications and diseases not only of the genitourinary system, but also of all organs. To identify pathology at the initial stage, it is recommended to regularly check with a gynecologist and urologist, take urine and blood tests, and listen to the alarm signals of your own body.

Cystitis, pyelonephritis, urethritis

Urinary tract infections occur when bacteria grow and multiply in the kidneys, bladder, and urethra. If measures are not taken in time, the consequences can be adverse.

Diseases of the urinary tract are characteristic of any age and are observed even in children. Treatment may take a long time.

Urinary tract infections can cause:

• inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bladder - cystitis;
• inflammation of the renal pelvis - pyelonephritis;
• inflammation of the urethra - urethritis.

In men, the occurrence of prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate gland) and epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymis) may be a consequence of an infectious disease of the urinary tract. There are also asymptomatic infections that are typical for women during pregnancy, older men.

Bladder infections - cystitis - are more common in women. The fact is that due to the anatomical features (short urethra), microorganisms can easily enter the urogenital organs of a woman. Ordinary infections can also be transmitted sexually. Therefore, sexually transmitted infection can lead to a kidney infection (pyelonephritis).

Symptoms of diseases

• Painful urination;
• false urge to urinate;
• urinary incontinence;
• sharp pain in the lower abdomen;
• urine pink or red, cloudy;
• a sharp specific smell of urine;
• aching pain in the lumbar region;
• Sudden increase in body temperature, alternating with cold sweat.

Prevention

• Comply with hygiene every time you use the toilet;
• use underwear made from natural material;
• it is preferable to take a shower rather than a bath;
• Rinse clothes thoroughly after washing;
• feet should always be warm;
• drink enough water;
• Choosing a safer sex life.

1. Nutrition. Eliminate spicy seasonings (black and red hot peppers, cinnamon, curry, nutmeg), vinegar, fresh onions and garlic, foods that cause allergies: milk, eggs, fish, chocolate), methylxanthines (found in tea, coffee, chocolate), sugar.

2. Drink plenty of water: 1 glass every 20 minutes in the first 3 hours from the onset of the disease, then 1 glass every hour for 3 hours. Then at least 8 glasses a day.

3. Phytotherapy. You can use any of these herbs as a medicine: lingonberry leaf, half-palm, horsetail, yarrow, calendula, chamomile, mint, plantain, birch (leaves and buds), parsley (greens and seeds), cranberry (mors), pumpkin ( seeds, pulp), nasturtium (leaves - lettuce, infusion), flax seed (ground), turmeric, ginger (dilute in water), blueberries (berries), cherries (berries), heather, thyme, rosehip, dill, elecampane, juniper , sage.

Collection 1 - corn silk and burdock root.

Collection 2 - bearberry and ground watermelon seeds.

Take 1 tbsp. spoon of each herb in the collection, brew 1 teaspoon in 1 cup of water, drink 1 cup every hour until symptoms decrease, then another 3 to 5 days 1 cup 4 times a day, you can continue up to 1 month. Repeat the course in a month using collection 2.

4. Hydrotherapy (ATTENTION: thermal procedures are contraindicated in tumor diseases, including the abdominal cavity):

• warm and contrasting poultices on the suprapubic region;
• hot sitz bath 15 - 20 minutes, at the end - a cold shower, alternate 3 - 5 times;
• hot heating pad on the lower abdomen or perineum for 20 - 30 minutes, several times a day (reduces pain and discomfort when urinating).

In the treatment of pyelonephritis, contrasting poultices on the lumbar region can be added to the above treatment.