How to easily assess the state of the male reproductive system

Spermogram is a method for studying the male reproductive system. It is quite common in medical practice.

Relevance

The problem of infertility is currently very painful and at the same time popular. More than every fifth married couple faces her. And it is not always used only when a male factor of infertility is suspected. The method is a screening method for this pathology. In addition, it is used before treatment, which in some cases creates special conditions.

Indications for a spermogram

Many married couples do not know how a spermogram is performed and why it is needed.

• Stage of preparation for pregnancy. At the time of planning the desired pregnancy, the man undergoes a set of examinations together with the woman.
• In the absence of the fact of pregnancy. If the couple is having sex without contraception.
• To resolve the issue of in vitro fertilization. During the planning stage and before the actual donation of sperm for transfer to the egg.
• During preventive examinations and examinations.
• When diagnosing various diseases of the male reproductive system. These include genital infections, varicose veins of the testicle, diseases with hormonal imbalance, trauma to the scrotal organs, as well as other inflammatory diseases.
• Control over the treatment of the above diseases.

Who is performing the procedure

In order to pass this analysis, you must contact the appropriate specialist. If a man or a married couple is faced with the problem of infertility, then an andrologist conducts this examination.

A urologist uses a spermogram in the treatment and diagnosis of diseases of the male reproductive system.

How to prepare for a spermogram

Many men are interested in the question of how to make a spermogram. Special preparation is not required, it is done in many laboratories. The use of medications, physiotherapy procedures is not required. It will not be done for long. It takes longer to stain the material made on the slide.

A man needs to refrain from the ejaculation process for a period of 1 week to 2 days. But you shouldn't create unnecessary delays. Prolonged stagnation of sperm and semen may affect the test result.

On the day of delivery, a man comes to the laboratory, after hygiene of the genitals, he needs to achieve ejaculation. For this, only masturbation is suitable.

The place of this analysis is the laboratory. At home, this method will not be informative, since temperature drops and the sun's rays can change its quality.

The liquid is surrendered in a plastic container, you cannot keep the ejaculate in a condom, as there is a negative effect of latex and lubricants. The entire volume of semen must be left in the container.

Diet and lifestyle before sperm analysis

Two weeks before the test, you should exclude from the diet alcoholic products, fatty, fried, smoked, salty and sweet in excessive quantities.

Medicines, if possible, should also be excluded. But if, for health reasons, drugs cannot be excluded, then you should not do this. Also, during these periods, one should not experience overheating of the body, it is necessary to exclude driving a car with heated seats, being in baths and saunas. Heavy physical activity should also be excluded for this period.

Contraindications to spermogram:

• An inflammatory process in the body, within a few days, accompanied by an increase in temperature to febrile digits.
• Use of antibacterial drugs several months before the alleged study.
• Inflammatory diseases of the urinary system and genitals. Immediately after taking alcoholic beverages, medications, sexual intercourse.
• Prostate massage is also a contraindication.
• After suffering heavy physical labor, overheating, etc.
• For any inflammatory diseases of the body.

Study Evaluation

After conducting the study, the doctor initially estimates the volume by a subjective method. For this, an inspection of the received content is carried out. The approximate volume, color and consistency are estimated.

After visual inspection, the material begins to be examined using microscopy. To do this, the contents of the material are placed on glass slides and research begins. This research needs to be delayed as its qualities begin to change in the environment.

If necessary, use contrasting, special staining of spermatozoa.For some diseases, a biochemical study of the ejaculate is carried out. The specialist who did the research himself determines, depending on the indications for the procedure, the necessary preparation of the material.

Norms and possible deviations

Approximate amount of content. It must be at least 5 ml. If it is less than the prescribed norm, then one should look for the reason in the work of the prostate gland, inflammatory changes in the male genital organs, pathological changes in the seminal vesicles. Rarely, but the reason may be a change in hormonal levels.

Its color should be normally whitish, with a yellow and milky tint. There should not be any streaks of various other colors. The presence of blood streaks and drops of blood, purulent inclusions, with a greenish or brown tint, should be especially alarming. If a man notices such changes on his own, then you need to quickly consult a doctor. This can be an indicator of serious pathologies, including malignant tumors.

The Ph level must be examined, normally it should not exceed 7.3 to 7.8. It especially changes with inflammatory changes. Violations of the prescribed level can be the cause of infertility, since a strict level must be observed for spermatozoa. With an increased or decreased Ph, sperm viability decreases, up to complete death.

Determination of viscosity. Normally, it should be up to 0.5 cm. If it increases, then it is necessary to assume the inflammatory nature of the prostate gland.

The rate of decrease in semen viscosity, or its dilution, is also measured. Normally, it should be about 60 minutes. If the time of the change in consistency becomes pathological, then a comprehensive examination should be carried out. It can be a chronic inflammatory process, changes in the enzyme composition.

Determination of sperm count. The measurement is carried out for 1 ml, as well as for the entire volume of contents based on the total amount. Normally, for 1 ml, the amount should be at least 20 million, and for the entire volume, at least 40 million. A reduced amount indicates a change in male fertility. They conduct a study of their quality, identify actively mobile, mobile, with a low speed of movement and generally not moving. So, the number of moving sperm should be more than half of the total.

The anatomical factor is also being investigated. Measure the size and shape. Normally, there should be more than half of high quality in shape and anatomical structure. The head is also of great importance. Its correct form is important. There should be at least one third of such sperm. When evaluating semen, it is necessary to pay attention to the ratio of sperm in relation to each other. So there should be no gluing and aggregation between them.

A spermogram is also carried out to study the presence of leukocytes and erythrocytes in the mass. The number of leukocytes should not exceed a million. And normal erythrocytes should not be in the semen.

Semen Disorders

Azoospermia is usually called the complete absence of sperm in the ejaculate. While oligospermia is considered to be a decrease in the quantitative composition of spermatozoa, it still contains them, regardless of the qualitative characteristics.

Asthenoosperia is called the almost complete absence of sperm motility. Teratospermia is considered a decrease in the number of sperm with the correct structure, especially with defects in the structure of the head. Necrospermia is the presence of non-viable spermatozoa in the semen.

Not always a single study of semen can be the basis for a diagnosis. Re-examination is often required, if a preliminary examination of the male genital organs is necessary. Any man can make a spermogram.