The prostate gland is an important organ, it is not for nothing that it is called the second heart in men

Anatomy of the prostate

This important male organ is notable for its complex anatomy, has an irregular rounded shape, similar to an egg or other oval object, with the base pointing up. The gland is located in the pelvis, between the pubic junction and the anus. It is located inside the capsule, which is the stroma of this male organ.

The size of the gland determines the age of the man, in a newborn boy it is visually almost the same, then there is little gland tissue in it. In adulthood, by the age of 30, its weight reaches about 20 g. With a healthy organ without deviations, iron is characterized by a dense structure and elasticity. Starting from the age of approximately 45-50 years, the tissues of this organ begin to atrophy, the process of atrophy is completed by the age of 60-65. By the end of this period, the components of the parenchyma and stroma are converted into connective tissue.

The structure of the prostate

In section, the prostate gland has a structure of several parts: apex, base, front and back.

The apex, narrower and narrower in comparison with the base, is directed towards the urogenital diaphragm. The base of the prostate, which touches the bladder, has a concave, flattened and wide surface.

From the front, the prostate is directed to the pubic fusion, that is, to the pubic articulation, with the help of ligaments it connects to the pubic symphysis. The posterior part of the prostate, characterized by a smooth-convex surface, faces the rectum. The inferolateral parts of the organ have a rounded shape, they are located on the sides.

Inside the organ itself, the structure of the prostate is as follows: it consists of two lateral lobules, which resemble a chestnut fruit in shape. These two lobes, left and right, are formed by grooves in the form of a depression and divide the prostate into two parts. On the posterior surface of the urethra there is a seminal tubercle in the form of a longitudinal elevation. Its posterior section is covered by the presence of seminal vesicles and ejaculatory ducts.

Both ejaculatory ducts extend in the gland along its posterior section through the frontal groove, they are directed in its thickness to the lower side, open on the seminal tubercle at the back of the urinary canal. They are about 15 mm long and 2 mm in diameter.

The seminal vesicles are paired organs located in the small pelvis from the lateral and posterior sides of the bottom of the bladder. The excretory ducts of The seminal vesicles are connected to the vas deferens to form the ejaculatory duct.

The urethra passes through the prostate tissue, the length of which is about 3 cm. It is this close proximity of the prostate to the symptoms of painful urination in men. Pathological inflammatory processes in the prostate lead to enlargement of the prostate gland. It increases in size and puts pressure on the walls of the urethra, thereby causing pain when urinating in men, provoking pain in the perineal region, and leads to constipation in the rectum.

The structure of the prostate

The prostate is easy to inspect. During the examination, the urologist can palpate the prostate cavity in men through the rectum with his finger. It is possible to determine in this way the main sections of the gland: division into two lobes, a frontal groove with an isthmus, to determine what is the consistency of the organ, the structure of the prostate tissue, which should be homogeneous and densely elastic. Patients feel no discomfort and pain when feeling the organ.

Rectal finger examination is the simplest and most effective diagnostic method for detecting pathological changes in the prostate.

Histology of the prostate

Partitions are separated from each other by partitions. The capsule of the prostate and its septa are in the form of smooth muscle fibers. Muscles contract during ejaculation and secretion into the urinary tract.

Prostate function

Being an important organ, the prostate gland with a complex anatomy performs many functions in the body. It is responsible for the reproduction of cells and hormones.

The main functions of the gland are:

• Secretory.
• Motor.
• Transport.
• Barrier.

Secretory

As you know, the prostate secretes a secret that ensures the viability and mobility of the germ cells after entering the body of the opposite sex with intimacy, promotes the fertilization of the egg. The prostatic secretion is presented in the form of a liquid and dense fraction. Its proteins with electrolytes, fats with hormones contribute to the normal functioning of the reproductive system. Due to the presence of lecithin, phospholipids and carbohydrates, spermatozoa retain their vitality for a long time outside the body of men, even for several days.The secretory function in a man's body is regulated by the sex hormone testosterone and the endocrine system controls. With a decrease in testosterone, the prostate gland begins to produce it intensively.

The enzymes of the gland help the seminal fluid of the prostate to acquire fluidity, while increasing the chance of fertilization and the reproductive capacity of the organ. Thanks to the components of the juice secreted by the prostate, a normal acid-base balance for sperm is created.

Motor function of the prostate

The next important function of the gland is the motor function. It promotes the retention of urine between the acts of urination. The smooth muscle tissues that make up the structure of the prostate gland retain urine. The anatomy of the prostate allows it to act as a mechanical barrier, preventing the released urine from mixing with the euculate.

Transport

The gland is also involved in the release of sperm.

When the smooth muscle fibers of the seminal vesicles and capsules contract, the process of ejaculation of seminal fluid is performed, after which it enters the urethra.

Barrier functions

The male prostate acts as a mechanical barrier to urine, it prevents the mixing of urine with the euculate.

In addition, the prostate gland has protective properties, protects the organs located in the urogenital area in men from infection by the influence of pathogenic pathogens. The tissues of the prostate contain a trace element zinc, which is considered a symbol of youth, this chemical element plays an important role in the synthesis of the sex hormone testosterone, has antibacterial properties.

The muscles of the perineum and detrusor of the bladder, the smooth muscle wall of the prostate contract together during urination, and the bladder is completely empty without problems.

The presence of a smooth muscle structure of the prostate contributes to the achievement of orgasm in men. With the release of semen, the receptors of the seminal tubercle of the prostate are stimulated, which are responsible for the sensation of orgasm during sexual intercourse.

Enzymes in the prostate gland are involved in the production of testosterone, which is the main sex hormone that promotes fertility.

How blood enters and flows out of the prostate

Arterial blood enters the prostate gland through the lower cystic branch and the middle artery from the rectum. Veins form a large plexus in the prostate gland and drain waste blood from the rectum and bladder.

The anatomical features of the structure of the prostate gland enable men to find out the causes of pain during urination and decreased potency.