What is a dog for prostate cancer, the norm, indications for carrying out

PSA into prostate-specific antigen (tumor marker), the production of which in men occurs directly in the prostate gland. Organ cells secrete a special enzyme into serine protease in the form of free fractions. If the level of the enzyme in the blood rises, then this is a clear sign of the development of a malignant tumor, other pathologies in the prostate.

The indicators of the dog are often used by doctors in the course of diagnostics for suspected oncology, mechanical damage, inflammation in the prostate. An increase in the coefficient may indicate prostatitis, prostatic hyperplasia, which is important to identify in time in patients, begin to reduce the level of antigen with medications, other methods of exposure at the initial stage.

Blood test to determine the level of antigen

The concentration of a specific antigen in the blood is detected by taking venous blood from patients. If the indicators are overestimated, then it is possible to conduct a detailed survey.

To pass the test, you need to go through a series of preparatory procedures before taking blood, understanding how to reduce the dog in case of prostate cancer, to level out possible errors in decoding the result.

General rules:

• blood is drawn from a vein in the morning on an empty stomach, without disturbing the drinking regime;
• it is worth refraining from smoking for 3-4 hours, from taking coffee and alcohol for 8-10 hours before testing;
• exclude cycling, sports loads in 3-4 days;
• refuse to administer cleansing enemas for 3 days.

The level of common antigen in relation to -free- helps doctors to predict the possible course of oncological processes in the prostate in the future, to identify the disease at an early stage. If the test shows a 2-fold increased concentration of prostate-specific protein, then oncology is progressing.

The study of the analysis of the dog after the prostatectomy allows you to identify the disease at the stage of relapse.

HELP! A number of factors can lead to a distortion of the results: the age category of men (after 45 years), the use of spicy, smoky food before blood sampling, the development of an inflammatory process inside the body, the manifestation of ejaculation in men the day before

Indications for appointment

It is recommended to take the PSA antigen test for men over 40, at least once a year. This will help avoid all sorts of complications if you suspect prostate problems. If hormonal (radiation) therapy was carried out the day before, then it is necessary to pass the test again after 3 months in order to obtain reliable results and identify oncology at an early stage.

Note! Analysis of the dog is prescribed without fail after surgery to remove a tumor in the prostate. This makes it possible for doctors to assess the state of the organ - the prostate, to prevent relapses if the dog's indicators are steadily increased in the first 6-7 months after surgery

Radiation therapy usually does not affect PSA values and will not lead to a decrease in the level, even in prostate cancer, since it is not able to destroy malignant cells in full. If radiotherapy was carried out the day before, it will probably lead to a uniform decrease in the antigen in the blood. If levels remain high, radiofrequency radiation is ineffective when exposed directly to prostate tumors.

If a tumor is detected, then the level of the dog in prostate cancer should be periodically checked in order to track changes in the course of the disease. Increased indicators of the dog after the operation to remove the prostate will indicate the appearance of metastases, the progression of the disease.

Basic indications for prescription

PSA is performed if a cancerous growth in the prostate is suspected. Recommended for men over 50 who are at risk.

Indications:

• taking a biopsy;
• unpleasant symptoms of prostatitis in men;
• suspicion of metastases, advanced stage of the disease;
• chronic prostatitis;
• prostate adenoma;
• diseases of the genitourinary system, accompanied by an inflammatory course;
• sedentary, sedentary lifestyle;
• irregular intercourse;
• mechanical damage to an organ.

It is the dog that allows for prostate cancer to identify any abnormalities in the genitourinary system, prostate or oncological processes at the initial stage. If the analysis is carried out in combination with other diagnostic methods, then the doctors get a 100% result in the end.

What does norm mean?

The PSA norm for men aged 50-55 is 2.5 ng / ml and the values will gradually increase with age, and this does not mean a deviation from the norm.

For men:

• after 55 years, the norm is 3.5 ng / ml;
• 65-74 years old at 4.5 ng / ml;
• 70-75 years old at 6.5 ng / ml.

The fact is that with age, there is an increase in the size of the prostate. This affects the production of antigen. If we compare the indicators of a free tumor marker to the total in the blood, then the norm should be within 14-15%.

With age, the risk of developing cancer in men increases significantly, in particular, the level of antigen in the blood. Doctors take into account the rate of antigen rise and compare the results of dog tests taken at regular intervals.

Note! The following factors can lead to false results: non-compliance with the rules of preparation for the test, biopsy, colonoscopy or prostate massage the day before, bladder catheterization. The level of the dog can be increased with an inflammatory course in the prostate gland, ischemia of the heart, trauma to the prostate

What are the normal values after resection of a tumor in the prostate using different methods

The production of serine protease is produced exclusively by the cells of the prostate gland, therefore, after removal of the tumor in the prostate, the norm of the PSA should not exceed 0.2 ng / ml. To determine the reliability of the results, the content in% of free antigen after the operation on the prostate, it is better to test about 1 month after the operation.

It happens that the indicator of the dog in prostate cancer significantly and sharply rises to 4-5 ng / ml.

This is due to the methods of influencing the tumor: surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy:

Diagnostics can lead to aggressive results. Especially if the time interval after the treatment of oncology by different methods is insignificant.

Note! The number of dogs with relapses of oncology increases gradually. Indicators can remain unchanged for 1.5 years. Mechanical impact, cycling, increased sports activities, brachytherapy can adversely affect the prostate gland and lead to a sharp short-term increase in the level of antigen in the blood. If prostate cancer recurs, the level of free antigen will gradually but persistently rise

Doctors advise men of the age category to be tested at least once a year, because symptoms of a tumor in the prostate may be completely absent at the initial stage. The process of malignancy, cell division in the prostate is slow, and only regular testing will help to lower the antigen level, contribute to the early detection of neoplasm, and timely therapy.

The development of an inflammatory process in the prostate, an increase in the size of the prostate gland can lead to an increase in the indicators of a prostate-specific tumor marker. With adenoma and prostatitis, the functions of the circulatory system are disrupted, capillaries and blood vessels become less elastic. The prostate-specific protein begins to show an increased level when the tumor penetrates into the walls of the vessels. In adenoma, compression of healthy tissues together with blood nodes is characteristic.

To identify the full picture of the development of the disease, doctors often prescribe additional biopsy, rectal ultrasound, cytology for men. So it is possible to understand: are malignant processes in the prostate or not.