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When an infection enters a man's prostate gland, an inflammatory process develops. As a rule, it is diagnosed in people from 25 to 50 years old. There are many reliable treatments for the disease, such as Folk remedies for prostatitis. They help out when medications or prostate massage are contraindicated.
The entry of pathogens into the prostate gland provokes the onset of the disease. Pathogenic microorganisms enter the gland from the bladder, rectum, urethra. Prostatitis is an inflammatory serious disease, acute or chronic. It appears for various reasons and is characterized by specific features:
When the disease is at an early stage or has a mild form, then there is a real chance to cure it with natural "medicines". Folk useful remedies have a general strengthening effect on the body of a man. The inflammatory process is blocked, and the tissues of the organ are restored. As a result, the prostate begins to work normally. To cure prostatitis in men, folk remedies use honey, garlic, Pumpkin seeds, hazel, parsley, chestnut tea, herbs, aspen bark, and so on.
There are many different ways to relieve a man of prostate inflammation. For example, in addition to conservative drug treatment, therapeutic natural options are used. folk remedies for prostatitis and prostate adenoma can eliminate the infection, relieve inflammation, and strengthen the genitourinary system. The doctor will help you choose the best remedy, after passing the tests, collecting information about the history of the disease. It is advisable to combine the treatment of prostatitis in men with folk remedies with exercise and a special diet.
The first option that helps in the fight against inflammation of the prostate is chaga mushroom. This plant has long been used for such purposes, its effectiveness has been tested by many men. Chaga with prostatitis relieves inflammation well, has an anti-infective effect. To get rid of the disease, you can try a mushroom decoction with the addition of hazelnut (hazel) leaves. The treatment course is two weeks. Chaga recipe:
Another effective non-traditional way to deal with an infectious disease is cupping for prostatitis. This procedure must be carried out by a specialist, because it is necessary to know exactly where to install the "equipment". Banks restore the work of the male genital organs, enhance potency. As a rule, they are installed in the region of the outer edge of the sacrum.
The skin is wiped with alcohol, notches are made on top with a scarifier. A jar is fixed above the symbols. Then it is removed, and the blood that came out under the pressure of the vacuum is removed with sterilized cotton wool. Areas with notches are closed with a plaster. Treatment is carried out once every 14 days (the course is 4-5 procedures).
Shilajit is a universal natural medicine that is often used for various ailments. The natural product is completely harmless, it actively suppresses the infection in the prostate gland, removes inflammation and significantly improves the condition of the human genitourinary system. Here are a few options for how to use mummy for prostatitis:
Everyone knows, effective and affordable medicine - pumpkin seeds for prostatitis. This option is very effective, has many positive reviews. These seeds contain a lot of zinc, which is important for the health of every man. To prevent inflammation of the prostate, it is recommended to consume 30 raw pumpkin seeds daily. Recipe:
Prostate treatment is also carried out with juices. Freshly prepared fruit and vegetable juices eliminate the inflammatory process, help reduce the aggressive effect of the infection on the organ, and restore sexual function. It is recommended to use cucumber, carrot, asparagus, tomato, beet juice. Parsley and spinach juice also helps well, from fruit - pomegranate, watermelon. These drinks can be consumed individually or mixed in cocktails.To get a healing effect, you should drink at least 500 ml of liquid per day.
Birch tar from prostatitis perfectly copes with the infection. This natural product is an effective safe remedy for inflammation of the prostate. Here are some alternative therapy options:
A sure and safe method of dealing with an infectious disease is an herb against prostatitis. It is better to use herbal preparations because they are more effective. The duration of treatment of prostatitis with herbs is a month, then a ten-day break. Tinctures and decoctions for prostatitis are taken three times a day for half a glass or in accordance with the instructions. Recipes:
In the complex treatment of prostatitis, herbal remedies are often used. "LIKOPROFIT" is a complex of natural ingredients. The components of "LIKOPROFIT" selectively accumulate in the tissues of the prostate, reduce the manifestations of inflammation, help strengthen protective functions, protect cells from damage by free radicals and control the process of excessive growth of prostate tissues. * Due to the complex and balanced composition, difficulties associated with urination are eliminated, pain relief. (1) The components of "LIKOPROFIT" against the background of standard therapy effectively affect the main symptoms of Chronic prostatitis, improve urination: reduce the frequency of urination and increase the flow of urine, improve well-being and have a general strengthening effect in patients with chronic prostatitis *.
In order for the therapeutic process to give the necessary results, it is worth adhering to the basic principles of treating prostatitis at home:
I was diagnosed with prostatitis. The disease was at the initial stage, the urologist recommended trying traditional medicine recipes to combat the disease. He was treated with herbal preparations for several months, until the symptoms of prostatitis disappeared. I also did special exercises. After a second examination, it turned out that the disease had receded.
Evgeny Ivanovich, 55 years old
There were unpleasant sensations in the perineum, abdomen, groin. I began to run to the toilet more often "little by little", problems began with male strength. It turned out that my prostate was inflamed. I am a supporter of traditional medicine, so I decided to treat myself with pumpkin seeds, vegetable juices. For six months, we managed to overcome prostatitis, and so far there have been no relapses.
I have chronic prostate inflammation. The diagnosis is disappointing, but with a relapse of the disease, folk remedies for prostatitis always help me. My wife and I found several recipes (mumiyo, tar, chaga mushroom), and they save me in moments of exacerbation of the disease. I do not drink alcohol, junk food and exercise.
*Instruction for the use of dietary supplements for food LIKOPROFIT 1. Spivak L.G. Efficacy and safety of Likoprofit in patients with chronic prostatitis and prostate adenoma. Urology. 2013, 2, pp. 118-122.
The use of folk remedies for prostatitis is the most effective method of long-term treatment and prevention of a disease that has passed from an acute form of development to a chronic one. Folk methods for the treatment of prostatitis in men are based on knowledge of the principles of the influence of natural components on the elimination of the symptoms of the disease. Recipes for prostatitis have been tested for many years, therefore they do not raise doubts about their effectiveness.
The process of treating any disease is associated with certain risks. It is important to prevent the further development of the disease and the aggravation of its symptoms. To treat inflammation of the prostate, you need to be sure of the diagnosis. It is also important to know what signs of prostatitis can be eliminated by the traditional medicine used for prostatitis.
Symptoms of prostatitis that home treatment is aimed at eliminating:
If you have one or more symptoms, you should consult a urologist before treating prostatitis with folk remedies. In the event that the disease has a bacterial nature of origin, antibacterial drugs should be used. Only they can eliminate the cause of the disease.
Folk remedies for prostatitis are most effective if the inflammatory process is chronic.This form of the disease is characterized by a mild manifestation of symptoms, but the healing of the disease takes a very long period. Therefore, the treatment of chronic prostatitis with folk remedies has proven to be an effective way to eliminate the symptoms of the disease, which has a mild effect with minimal negative effects on the body.
Folk treatment of prostatitis is based on getting rid of the disease by using only natural products, plants and preparing decoctions and tinctures based on them.
First of all, drugs of synthetic origin are used to treat prostatitis and prevent the disease, but at home, folk recipes are still used to cure the prostate. The prevalence of folk remedies for prostatitis in men in modern alternative medicine is associated with the presence of a scientific justification for the usefulness of certain types of herbs and plants. All the knowledge that was obtained empirically was confirmed by numerous studies.
There are a number of medicinal plants that can both cure prostatitis and prevent its occurrence.
In the treatment of inflammation of the prostate with folk remedies, the use of parsley requires special attention. For medicinal purposes, the leaves, roots and seeds of the plant are used. Parsley with prostatitis has a healing effect due to its unique composition. It contains:
Vitamin C. Eating 50 g of spice covers the daily requirement of this vitamin for human health. If we compare parsley with lemons, then it contains 4 times more Vitamin C, and in the treatment of the prostate, the action of this vitamin will help improve metabolic processes, increase blood microcirculation, increase the immunity of a man, and synthesize a male secret. Carotene. The human body converts this element into vitamin A, which can normalize the synthesis of testosterone and improve spermatogenesis, which has a beneficial effect on potency. Vitamin A has an immunomodulatory effect and helps fight infection. Vitamin deficiency can cause prostatitis in men and infertility associated with them. Vitamins B1, B2 treat prostatitis, affecting cellular metabolism, improve the condition of the mucous membranes of organs. Vitamin PP - participates in the recovery processes of the body, promotes tissue growth, helps to synthesize hemoglobin and red blood cells. Apigenin is a substance that blocks the synthesis of estrogen in the body of a man and enhances potency. In folk medicine, prostatitis is treated by including parsley in the daily diet for men. It has been noted that the use of the product before intercourse can increase the duration of erection, and after intercourse, stimulation of erection continues for at least 3 hours. Parsley will cure prostatitis even if you take the juice of the plant in 1 tbsp. three times a day before the main meal. Parsley seeds from prostatitis are used raw and in the form of a decoction:
The treatment of prostatitis with parsley is possible using the root of the plant. To do this, prepare an infusion of parsley root:
Chop 1 tbsp. fresh parsley root, pour 100 ml of boiling water, leave for 12 hours. Take 1 tbsp. four times a day before meals. The spice helps relieve the symptoms of prostatitis in the form of discomfort during urination, remove toxins from the body and increase blood circulation in the prostate gland.
Treatment of prostatitis with parsley is contraindicated for gout, cystitis, nephritis, the presence of large kidney stones. Parsley should be consumed in moderation as it contains myristicin, which can cause hallucinations, headaches, and extreme arousal.
The use of folk remedies based on honey in the treatment of prostatitis is justified, since it has antimicrobial, wound healing, antitoxic, anti-inflammatory properties. When using honey as a remedy, you must follow the rules:
Make sure that there are no allergic reactions to bee products; limit the amount of product consumed to 1-2 tbsp.per day, such a quantity is enough to achieve the therapeutic effect; use honey mainly in the morning before making food, because carbohydrates that contain honey are able to charge the body with energy for the whole day; try to use honey in a daily diet; Do not heat the honey above the temperature of 40 degrees, otherwise all its beneficial properties will disappear, and toxins allocated at high temperatures will weaken the organism; Exclude from the diet honey in diseases that have contraindications to glucose consumption. Regular consumption of honey will help solve the problems with urination, which arise from prostatitis in men, eliminate pain, remove inflammation:
From chronic prostatitis will help to save herbal drinks with honey:
Treatment of prostatitis with a potency impaired is possible with the use of such a folk remedy at home:
To secure the therapeutic effect and preventing that the cured prostatitis recurrence, use the decoction of Cellular with honey:
Good remedy for prostatitis - Propolis tincture. The tincture is accepted before eating 40 drops, diluted with warm water. Treatment of prostatitis by folk remedies using honey will benefit if you use it in limited volumes and avoid exceeding the temperature mode during processing.
Alternative medicine offers effective folk remedies for the prostatitis based pumpkin seeds. Seeds contain substances that are beneficial affecting the state of the prostate:
Recipes using pumpkin seeds are widespread in folk methods for treating prostatitis.
Pumpkin seed oil or cheese seeds - excellent medicine for the prevention of the disease. Oil should be consumed at 1 tsp. three times a day. The beneficial effect on the organ has pumpkin juice, helps strengthen the effect of use of seeds. Juice use should be limited: not more than 1 tbsp. Twice a day shortly before meals. Add a glass of honey, the resulting mass mix and shape the balls of a small diameter to get a sweet, tasty tablet. The finished product is better to store in a cold place and dissolve after awakening and in the evening before eating 1 pcs. The treatment of prostatitis in men will be quickly, if used microclides with Pumpkin oil. Emmers volume no more than 5 ml are applied in the evening. Pumpkin oil is used to carry out prostate massages to come out the prison secret. Chronic prostatitis in men has unpleasant, long-term symptoms and treatment, but the daily use of pumpkin and its seed will avoid wave-like exacerbations of the disease.
Therapeutic properties of Osin are known from the long time. It is repeatedly mentioned in traditional medicine. Bark, kidney and tree leaves possess healing properties. Recipes for the treatment of prostatitis are often based on the use of tree bark. It contains salcin - a substance with an anti-inflammatory effect, like aspirin.Medicinal formulations containing the bark do a good job of lowering body temperature, eliminating the inflammatory process, thinning the blood, and preventing the development of prostate atrophy.
To eliminate prostatitis in men with folk remedies that involve the use of bark, it is necessary to collect it from mid-April until the moment when the buds begin to open. It is enough to remove from 3 to 5 mm of the bark. The main methods of harvesting the bark involve drying it and then storing it in a dry, dark place.
The bark can be used as an active ingredient that has proven its effectiveness in the production of medicinal ointments, decoctions, tinctures and infusions:
The traditional way to prepare a tincture of aspen bark: about 500 g of bark must be placed in a 500 ml container and pour 500 ml of alcohol. After two weeks of infusion, you can apply tincture of 30 drops before the main meal. Ointment based on aspen buds. To prepare the ointment, you must first make an extract from aspen buds. For this, 50 g of aspen buds and medical alcohol (50 ml, 90% strength) are taken. After a week of infusion, the extract is filtered and used as directed. Preparation of the ointment: as a base, you need to take interior fat or cocoa butter (400g), combine with the resulting extract (50ml). Aspen tea: place aspen buds, twigs, bark in a 3-liter container, add water and put on a slow fire for 5-10 minutes of boiling. Decoction clear of suspensions and drink instead of tea 2-3 times a day. Such tea is able to cure chronic prostatitis, if its effect is enhanced by the addition of honey, rose hips and hawthorn. If you properly stock up on aspen twigs, buds and bark from spring, you can forget about the resumption of prostatitis.
Along with the proposed remedies for getting rid of prostate inflammation, you can use a proven folk remedy - herbal tea, including:
The addition of herbal treatment, provided there are no contraindications, will help boost immunity and cope with inflammation. It is not necessary to use all components at the same time. You can alternate them with each other, and brewing like regular tea, add a little honey and grated ginger. Then the treatment with folk remedies will seem useful and tasty.
Folk remedies for the treatment of prostatitis at home will give a positive effect only with strict adherence to the instructions for their use and the right lifestyle.
Prostatitis is an inflammation of the prostate gland that occurs due to a violation of blood microcirculation in the muscles of the pelvis and pelvic floor or an infectious process in its tissues. It is accompanied by dysuria, pain during urination and ejaculation, a significant deterioration in the quality of life of a man.
Improperly carried out or incorrectly selected treatment leads to frequent relapses, the transition of the disease to a chronic form. In addition to conservative therapy, there are many folk remedies tested by patients with prostatitis and received excellent reviews.
If this disease is based on an inflammatory process (rather than bacterial), it is quite possible that the blood supply to the muscles surrounding the prostate gland is impaired. To restore blood circulation, there is no better and more effective exercise than squats. To begin with, you should pass the test and try to squat with straight arms raised above your head.
Squats should be deep, that is, the pelvis should not be held at or above the knees. Performing this exercise at least 100 times indicates good potential for the treatment of prostatitis. Pain in the legs is a sign of muscle weakness and insufficient blood supply to the pelvic organs and the prostate, including.
You don't need to do 100 squats daily, 3 times a week is enough. A simpler option is to do 3 sets in a row, 50 times, with a break of 3 minutes between sets.
You need to strive for the cherished figure "one hundred", supplementing squats with other exercises:
Performing "scissors" while sitting on the floor and resting your hands slightly behind your back (20 times with each leg);
Raising straight legs in the prone position (20 times each).
A combination of these exercises combined with squats will help get rid of prostatitis without medication.
Exercise 1. Lie on your back, put your legs bent over you so that your knees are near your face. Grab your legs with your hands, and in this position you need to lie down for 3 to 20 minutes. This is a very effective exercise and helps even with exacerbation of prostatitis, but patience is needed. The effect is better the longer you lie like this, but no more than 20 minutes.
Exercise 2.In the morning when you wake up, the first thing to do is massage your perineum for five minutes. This massage will relieve you of prostate stagnation. Before eating, do one more exercise: standing at full height, legs together, squat one third and in this position alternately move your knees forward, first left, then right. You need to continue doing this for five minutes. In the evening, the exercise can be repeated. At first, of course, it will be difficult, but over time you will get used to it. And you definitely won't have to be afraid of prostatitis if you like to walk.
In the complex treatment of prostatitis, herbal remedies are often used.
"LIKOPROFIT" is a complex of natural ingredients. The components of "LIKOPROFIT" selectively accumulate in the tissues of the prostate, reduce the manifestations of inflammation, help strengthen protective functions, protect cells from damage by free radicals and control the process of excessive growth of prostate tissues. * Due to the complex and balanced composition, difficulties associated with urination are eliminated, pain relief. (1) The components of "LIKOPROFIT" against the background of standard therapy effectively affect the main symptoms of chronic prostatitis, improve urination: reduce the frequency of urination and increase the flow of urine, improve well-being and have a general strengthening effect in patients with chronic prostatitis *
In the treatment of prostatitis with symptoms such as urinary retention, pain during ejaculation and the lack of effect from a course of therapy with macrolides, antifungal agents, fluoroquinolines, Biseptol will help a long-known and cheap drug.
You need to take 2 tablets of 480 mg 2 times a day, daily, for 5-14 days.
The components of the drug do not allow bacteria to multiply in the human body and inhibit their growth. It is effective against microorganisms resistant to sulfonamides. Among the indications for taking the drug are urinary tract infections, including prostatitis. Biseptol is excreted from the body in 7 hours.
Among the contraindications to taking it are the following conditions and diseases:
Renal and liver failure;
Allergic reactions to the components of the drug;
Pathologies of the hematopoietic system.
When taking Biseptol, you need to carefully monitor the reaction of your body. Signs of an overdose: headaches and pain in the intestines, loss of appetite, dizziness. A significant side effect of high doses of Biseptol is bone marrow suppression. During long-term treatment, blood biochemistry parameters should be monitored.
Interrupted treatment can lead to exacerbation of prostatitis, inflammation, and fever.
According to the reviews of many men who took Biseptol, relief came within a few hours, even in the most advanced cases
Chronic prostatitis with unstable results of treatment with antibiotics and herbal infusions is amenable to honey therapy. Before it starts, you need to take into account the individual characteristics of the body - an allergy to bee products, the presence or absence of diabetes, since these conditions are absolute contraindications. Honey will need a lot, at least 10 kg. It should be natural, linden or floral.
During the day, it should be eaten with tea about 100-200 g, using daily instead of sugar. After some time, urination improves, pain disappears, other indicators return to normal. After a complete cure, it is recommended to use honey in small courses every month for prevention.
This folk remedy is used after complex treatment (antibiotics, suppositories, heating, therapeutic exercises). After removing acute inflammation, you need to prepare a decoction of dry celandine. One hundred grams of dry grass is poured into 700 ml of boiling water, boiled for no more than a quarter of an hour. When the broth cools down a little, it is filtered through gauze. 500 g of natural honey must be dissolved in the broth.
This solution is stored in a refrigerator in a glass vessel. It is drunk before meals, 1 tbsp. spoon three times a day. During this course of treatment, alcohol and any medications are prohibited. At the same time, you need to drink a decoction of oats. It is taken in a glass (150-200 ml) 3 times a day. Oats are drunk for 1.5-2 months with interruptions - 2 days every 5 days of taking the broth. During such treatment, the load on the muscles of the perineum is not desirable, visits to the gym should be limited. Allowed sports - running, walking, swimming in the pool.
The first signs of relief can be felt within a week, and lasting results can be achieved by everyone who has completed a full course of treatment with honey and celandine.Even cases of chronic prostatitis can be treated at a stage when nothing but surgery helps.
Pumpkin seeds have long been used by healers in the treatment of prostatitis. They are a good and very affordable folk remedy for the treatment of this disease. Since these seeds contain a lot of zinc, which is necessary for any man at any age, they quickly treat prostatitis. You just need to eat 30 seeds a day before meals. This is just the daily proportion of zinc for the body.
Method 2. Seeds must not be fried, otherwise there will be no therapeutic effect! And add 200 grams of honey. You need to store them in the refrigerator, but 10 pieces can be laid out in advance to reach room temperature.
Eat one ball half an hour before meals 1-2 times a day. In this case, the ball cannot be swallowed quickly, chew and suck it for two to three minutes. This Folk treatment of prostatitis has a very strong healing effect, so one course a year will be enough.
The main ingredient is hazel. To treat prostatitis, you need to take either the bark or hazel leaves. You can brew both ingredients alternately, alternating them. Just be aware that the bark needs to be brewed twice as long, as it is tougher.
So, take one tablespoon of hazel leaves (or bark) and boil it in a glass of boiling water. Close the lid tightly and wait half an hour. Then strain and take 1/4 cup 4 times a day.
It is better to use fresh branches each time, but you can also use already used ones several times. Usually a week of such procedures is enough - and the prostatitis disappears.
With prostatitis, in addition to hazel bark, aspen bark also helps. To prepare the tincture, you will need aspen bark, collected at the beginning of sap flow, before the buds and leaves of the tree bloom. This period approximately occurs in the second half of April. The desired bark thickness is 3-5 mm.
After harvesting, the bark should be dried in the oven or in the shade. When the bark dries, take it in the amount of 100 grams, grind it a little and put it in a half-liter jar. Pour 200 grams of vodka on top, while completely pouring the bark. Close the jar with a lid and put in a dark place for 2 weeks. After this period, strain the infusion.
The infusion is drunk 3 times a day, diluting 20 drops with a quarter cup of liquid. Take it before meals. With daily use of this volume of infusion of aspen bark will last for 2-2.5 months. (See also: Pine pollen is a gift of nature)
Therapy with wormwood helps with almost all inflammatory diseases of the genital tract, including prostatitis, killing the pyogenic infection. For a full course of treatment, 100 g of dry wormwood is enough. It is rubbed with hands, at the same time crushed as thin as possible, and then sifted through a colander. The grass that has passed through its holes will be taken dry inside, and the one that has not been sifted will be useful for preparing a decoction for douching the urethra.
The bitterness of dry wormwood, passing through the human gastrointestinal tract, has a cleansing effect on the body, relieving it of infectious agents.
In the first 3 days, every 2-2.5 hours you need to swallow a pinch of dry wormwood, wetting it with saliva and drinking water. The frequency of taking wormwood does not depend on food intake. During this period, you can not take a break between taking dry grass, even at night.
In the next 4 days, wormwood is not taken at night, and during the day it is drunk 5-6 times a day.
In the evening of every day you need to do wormwood microclysters. To cook them, take 1 tsp. with a hill of dry wormwood. Pour a liter of boiling water, cool the infusion to 40C, filter, pour 100 ml. Half of this volume is injected at night into the anus. There is no need to be afraid of the urge to defecate, they will not be.
The second half (50 ml) is injected into the urethra. This is not very easy to do - you need to press the edges of the urethra to the tip of a miniature syringe, and inject its contents sharply. With the correct implementation of this procedure, a decoction of wormwood will pass to the bladder. After 3-4 days, with chronic or latent prostatitis, the outgrowth of old pus will begin. The broth should not be too cold or hot, the best temperature is body temperature.
Douching with microclysters is repeated for 7 days.
Throughout the course of treatment, a strict diet is required, without which the wormwood treatment will not have the required strength:
Animal food, protein, fish, eggs, sweets, dairy products are excluded;
The amount of bread is limited (up to 200g), it is allowed only in dried form;
Do not drink alcohol, smoke;
Allowed products: cereals, vegetables and fruits, nuts, sunflower oil.
During this course of treatment, an exacerbation of hidden ailments, a feeling of weakness, and the appearance of joint pain are possible. Douching can be continued for longer than 7 days, until the signs of prostatitis are completely relieved. As a preventive measure, polynotherapy can be carried out in spring and autumn.
Parsley has a wide range of useful and healing properties, in particular, it relieves the inflammatory process and restores sexual functions. Despite the fact that we constantly use parsley in cooking, appreciate it for its spicy taste, parsley is a medicinal herb, as it contains a huge amount of useful minerals and vitamins.
So, for example, 100 grams of parsley contains two daily norms of provitamin A, which, by the way, is good for the eyes. And vitamin C is almost 4 times more than in a lemon! In addition, parsley contains inulin - a natural analogue of insulin, it also regulates blood glucose levels and, in addition, is the best source of nutrition for our intestinal microflora.
Parsley juice should be taken in a tablespoon 3 times a day half an hour before meals.
It is also useful to use parsley seeds. Grind 4 teaspoons of seeds into a powder, and pour one glass of boiling water, set to boil for 15 minutes, then cool. Take 4-6 times a day, 1 tablespoon.
*Instructions for the use of dietary supplements for food LIKOPROFIT
1. Spivak L.G. Efficacy and safety of Likoprofit in patients with chronic prostatitis and prostate adenoma. Urology. 2013, 2, pp. 118-122.;
Author of the article: Nina Vladimirovna Sokolova Phytotherapeutist
Education: Diploma in the specialty "Medicine" and "Therapy" received at the University named after N. I. Pirogov (2005 and 2006). Advanced training at the Department of Phytotherapy at the Moscow University of Peoples' Friendship (2008).