What kind of blood test psa transcript

Psa into prostate specific agent. It is a tumor marker for identifying the degree of prostate condition. To understand what PSA shows, it is worth noting its effectiveness in diagnosing prostatitis, in particular, for medicinal purposes to ensure sperm motility, liquefy the ejaculative mass.

The analysis helps to identify possible pathologies in the prostate and prostate gland, to prescribe effective treatment.

What is PSA for?

To understand what a prostate-specific reagent is, it is worth saying that it is an integral part of the male semen and sperm.

Its deficiency or excess will lead to dysfunction of the prostate and many health problems in men:

• failure to fertilize the egg;
• infertility;
• development of prostatitis;
• oncology.

Synthesis of the canine is produced by the cells of the prostate gland in the prostate of this agent.

By type, a dog's blood test is carried out: general or related. In case of detection of an increased content of antigen in the blood, they are often prescribed in combination to obtain more reliable results. When decoding the analysis, the rate and dynamics of growth of the prostatic antigen are determined. It is the increased level that may indicate the presence of abnormal structures and cells in the prostate.

Psa is indispensable for the purpose of identifying diseases at the initial stage, as well as the reasons that led to an increase in this antigen in the blood. If the level greatly exceeds the permissible norm, then one can suspect the development of oncology, prostate cancer. The tumor marker of the prostate gland is quite specific. It is not associated in itself with one or another pathology, although the rate of the prostate-specific agent is quite critical - 3.9-4 ng / ml. Even minor deviations can already indicate the development of an inflammatory process in the peritoneal cavity, reveal an adenoma or benign hyperplasia at an early stage.

How to recognize the problem?

Many men suffer from prostatitis, especially after 40 years. Urologists do not advise postponing treatment if even minor suspicious signs appear if discomfort in the genitourinary system occurs. The fact is that the inflammatory process in the prostate at the initial stage can be almost asymptomatic.

The following symptoms should become a cause for concern and an appeal to a urologist:

• hematuria, urinary retention due to the accumulation of blood clots in the bladder;
• soreness in the lower abdomen, lower back, perineum;
• erection problems;
• incomplete discharge of urine due to a disorder of the urethra;
• cramps, pain;
• feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder;
• dry mouth, feeling thirsty;
• vomiting, nausea;
• headache.

All these signs indicate the development of a tumor in the prostate or prostate adenoma. It is important to understand that despite the benign course of the adenoma at the initial stage, the tumor can take on a malignant character, metastasize and go beyond the prostate as it grows in size.

The cause of prostatitis is often an infection (viral, bacterial) with a lesion of the pelvic area, when an inflammatory process begins to develop, which can lead to a violation of the blood supply in the prostate gland.

Middle-aged men, when unpleasant symptoms appear, are not recommended to postpone treatment and let the situation run its course. An inflammatory course in the prostate can lead to serious and far from ambiguous consequences.

When is PSA prescribed?

Analysis can be assigned with the target:

• control over the treatment process or in the diagnosis of prostate adenoma, prostate cancer;
• tracking the treatment process for prostate diseases;
• carrying out differential diagnostics in case of suspected tumor, prostate cancer, prostatitis;
• prevention for men over 50.

The reason for conducting a research on oncology may be:

• advanced age of men;
• genetic predisposition;
• previous surgical intervention for excision of the tumor.

One way or another, with age, men are not resistant to injuries, modifications in the internal pelvic organs. Excessive physical activities, sports activities, cycling have an effect. Already from a young age, men are advised to periodically take a blood test for the PSA antigen level (once a year) to test blood concentration, identify problems with the prostate at the initial stage.

What does norm mean?

If the PSA value does not exceed 4 ng / ml, then this is normal.

Although age plays a significant role, therefore, the rate may vary slightly:

• 40-45 years old at 0.5 ng / ml;
• 45-55 years old at 2.5-3.5 ng / ml;
• 55-65 years old at 3.4 4 ng / ml;
• after 75 years at no more than 6.5 ng / ml.

In case of detection of antigen over 4ng / ml, one can already suspect the development of a prostate tumor, prostate adenoma. With antigen levels over 10 ng / ml, the likelihood of developing a tumor is more than 70%.

If the norm is strongly rejected upward, the higher the likelihood of developing a cancerous neoplasm and severe damage to the prostate gland. An excess of the PSA indicator of 1000 ng / ml and above is deciphered as a running oncological process or cancer with metastases in the prostate gland. However, to give an accurate estimate of the rate of increase in PSA concentration, it will take a long time.

Usually, doctors state the development of the cancer process in about a year, i.e. after a secondary screening study

If the method is carried out after surgery to remove prostate adenoma in order to track the therapeutic dynamics, then the increased PSA values should soon decline and return to normal. In the best case, with a decrease in indicators by 12 mg / ml, we can talk about positive dynamics and stable remission up to 5 years. If the concentration of antigen after the treatment process begins to increase again, then relapses and exacerbations of the tumor are already inevitable.

In some cases, psa values may not be increased due to oncology.

The study can become completely false positive if it was carried out the day before:

• ultrasound radiation to the prostate gland;
• transurethral resection to remove the prostate through the urethra;
• surgery to remove prostate adenoma.

Ejaculation that occurred on the eve of blood sampling or, for example, prolonged cycling, road shaking, may affect the test results.

Mostly blood should be donated in the morning, although the concentration of prostatic antigen fluctuates slightly during the day and cannot affect the reliability of the result.

How to prepare for the analysis?

Blood is taken from a vein on an empty stomach, mainly in the morning.

Preparation consists in giving up:

• meal 8-9 o'clock;
• alcohol per day;
• sexual intercourse and masturbation in 2 days;
• smoking in 1-2 hours;
• drinking coffee, carbonated drinks 3-4 hours in advance;
• fatty foods in 3-4 weeks;
• prostate massage in 3-4 days.

You can drink some still drinking water before taking blood. You should also refrain from sports activities, weight lifting and cycling the day before.

Decryption

Psa blood test and interpretation of the results will be clearly increased in case of progressive prostatitis, the development of an inflammatory process in the tissues of the prostate or a malignant course in the prostate gland. As the malignant tumor develops, the concentration will only increase. In the event of a slight increase in the concentration of the prostatic antigen, the patient's doctor will refer the patient to additional tests, since the diagnosis will be questionable.

The purpose of a blood test for a dog is to identify the possible development of an inflammatory course in the prostate.

Additionally researched:

• a general blood test for a possible inflammatory course in the prostate, when an increase in ESR, leukocytes, granulocytes in the blood is clearly traced;
• antichymotrypsin antigen density;
• ESR level;
• relationship between free and bound psa;
• the degree of increase in the level over a particular time period, usually in 0.5 years. This is how much time passes to obtain a positive test result, if a tumor-like neoplasm in the prostate still takes place;
• Ultrasound of the prostate in order to identify the ratio of the concentration of prostatic antigen in relation to the size of the prostate gland;
• biopsy by removing tissue from a small area of the prostate from a thin needle, followed by histology to determine the type of malignant neoplasm.

Increased indicators of total PSA are deciphered not only in diseases of the prostate, but also in other organs of the genitourinary system. The role is played by age, physiological characteristics of the male body. It is reasonable to donate blood for analysis of the dog (general and free) in the complex to obtain accurate results.

It is important for men to take a responsible approach to the preparation of the analysis and understand that even a minor effect on the prostate, such as masturbation or cycling, can lead to distortion of the blood substance

It is likely that the study will have to be repeated if PSA values are too high to confirm (refute) the development of a malignant tumor. Additionally, ELISA and PCR tests can be prescribed if PSA showed a false positive result.

Prostatitis is an insidious enemy of men. The inflammatory course in the prostate one way or another does not pass without a trace. The result can be the development of a malignant neoplasm. Of course, the body will fight initially, and the immune system will try to retaliate and neutralize the prostate from the invasion of viruses and bacteria.

However, many factors, bad habits and the wrong lifestyle of men lead to a weak immune system. That is why it is so important to see a doctor at an early stage, as soon as unpleasant signs of prostatitis appear. Fortunately, the disease is being successfully treated today, and the screening method - a dog's blood test and decoding will help to identify and prevent the disease at the initial stage of its development.