Caffeine sodium benzoate effect on potency

Caffeine sodium benzoate effect on potency

How to raise low blood pressure

Low blood pressure is a rather dangerous condition as it can damage vital organs. Weak blood flow is not able to provide the brain and heart with enough oxygen and nutrients, gas exchange in the lungs also decreases and, in general, a state of weakness, confusion, nausea, and dizziness sets in. Therefore, it becomes necessary to raise blood pressure to a normal level.

Although this condition is not usually considered dangerous, when there is a sudden drop in blood pressure and this leads to dizziness or fainting, serious complications (such as heart or kidney failure) can develop. This is especially true for older people.

Causes and symptoms

Low blood pressure can be due to many causes - from heart problems such as bradycardia, dehydration, diabetes, anemia, kidney disease, allergic reactions, bacterial infections, and blood loss due to internal or external bleeding. Pregnancy can also lead to physiological causes of low blood pressure, as the uterus presses on the inferior vena cava.

Symptoms are mainly due to low oxygen supply to the brain:

• dizziness;
• nausea;
• fainting;
• darkening in the eyes, blurring of the picture;
• noise (ringing) in the ears;
• feeling tired, weak.

Increasing pressure

At home, you can use the following recommendations.

• Drink plenty of water, it will increase your total blood volume. If possible, you can use drinks for athletes - they contain a set of nutrients and trace elements. This favorably affects the state of organs and tissues.
• Put some table or sea salt on your tongue, or eat salty snacks. Oddly enough, but in this case, crackers, chips, fast food, pizza can be useful. Salt from food will contribute to water retention in the body and increase blood pressure.

Unusual means of increasing pressure include the following foods:

• Dairy products are not only a source of calcium, but also contain a fairly high percentage of sodium. Sodium retains water in the body. One cup of milk contains at least 100 mg of sodium.
• Sausages, especially salami - high salt content raises low blood pressure.
• Seafood, caviar, herring, salted fish.
• Vegetables, pickles - cucumbers, tomatoes, olives.
• Candy, chocolate, foods containing a large amount of sugar. It is high blood sugar that affects the hypothalamus, resulting in an increased heart rate and increased blood pressure.
• Energy, tea, coffee - their action is due to the presence of caffeine, which tones the nervous system, contributes to the narrowing of the lumen of blood vessels and an increase in pressure.
• Seasonings - rosemary, ginger. Cinnamon plays a special role. From a quarter of a spoonful of powder and two tablespoons of honey, a gruel is prepared, which is diluted with a glass of boiling water. This remedy should be taken in the morning on an empty stomach.

From physical methods, you can try to apply a contrast shower. The alternation of warm and cool water stimulates blood circulation. You also need to try to move so that physical activity "disperses" the blood throughout the body.

An additional positive effect is provided by the stimulation of "life-saving" points - in the hollow under the nose, on the ears, between the eyebrows, on the tips of the little fingers.

It would be useful to recall the school principles of first aid - lay a person with low blood pressure, and raise his legs on a support above his head, stimulating blood flow to the brain; provide a rush of fresh air, free the neck and chest from tight clothing.

Medicines

Of the available medicines at home, caffeine in tablets (Caffeine-sodium benzoate) or caffeine-containing drugs - Citramon, Askofen will help to quickly raise blood pressure. The dose of caffeine, which can have at least a slightly noticeable effect, is contained in 2 tablets of these drugs. Alternatively, to raise the pressure, you can use green tea extract in tablet form, along with caffeine, it contains a whole set of natural tonic substances. Other anti-inflammatory drugs such as Pentalgin or Ketorol help some people.

You can also use tinctures of plants such as ginseng, rosea rhodiola, eleutherococcus, lemongrass, leuzea. These drugs must be taken in the morning, because they not only increase the activity of the heart and vascular system, but also stimulate the nervous system and it will be problematic to fall asleep.

The drug Cordiamin (Niketamide) can become an ambulance. At home, you should use its dosage form - drops for oral administration.

The drug is well tolerated when doses are observed and actively stimulates the respiratory and vasomotor centers in the brain. It increases vascular resistance and, as a result, increases blood pressure.

These are drugs of group a, b-adrenomimeks - Norepinephrine (norepinephrine), Adrenaline, Atropine. They cause constriction of blood vessels and increase blood pressure, and also have a stimulating effect on the heart muscle.

Mezaton (Phenylephrine), a drug related to a1-adrenergic agonists, increases blood pressure by constricting blood vessels for a period of half an hour to two hours.

They also stimulate an increase in pressure - Camphor, Sulfacamphocaine, which are administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly.

Prevention

If you are prone to low blood pressure, you need a comprehensive approach, primarily to lifestyle changes.

• Increase your water intake to 12 glasses a day. This flushes out toxins and increases blood flow.
• Normalize the mode so that you can rest enough.
• General increase in dietary sodium intake if there is no heart problem.
• Increased daily physical activity. Attention should be focused on cardio exercises such as walking, swimming, cycling.
• You should definitely include oily fish, meats, cheeses, dairy products, salads, fruits, and whole grains in your diet. Three large meals should be replaced with fractional 5-6 meals a day to avoid fluctuations in blood sugar and, as a result, jumps in blood pressure.
• Do not take a hot bath or bath, as this helps to dilate blood vessels and reduce pressure. Stuffy enclosed spaces and overheating in the sun should also be avoided.

Whenever taking a new drug, it is necessary to check whether it causes a decrease in pressure. In this case, you will need to choose a similar drug without an antihypertensive effect.

Influence of coffee on male potency

Coffee is the most commonly consumed drink, especially by men. Caffeine helps to get rid of drowsiness in the morning, maintains vigor and efficiency during the day.

The average man drinks two cups of an invigorating drink a day. But few people think about how coffee affects potency.

The effects that caffeine has on the body are varied, so in order to draw a conclusion about the dangers or benefits of the drink, you should understand this issue in detail.

Influence on the body

The effect of coffee on the body is due to caffeine. Caffeine is an alkaloid found not only in coffee beans, but also in tea leaves.

Caffeine-sodium benzoate is a pharmacological drug that belongs to the psychomotor stimulants of the central nervous system. The drug is prescribed with a decrease in working capacity, during a period of active physical and mental stress.

Coffee contains less caffeine than a drug, but enough to provide a stimulating effect.

When ingested, caffeine is absorbed into the bloodstream and directed to receptors in the central nervous system. There it blocks adenosine receptors, which are responsible for inhibitory processes in the brain.

Also, the alkaloid increases the breakdown of glycogen, as a result of which glucose in the blood increases, which is the only substance for nourishing the brain. Metabolic processes in the body are accelerated, a feeling of cheerfulness comes, and working capacity increases.

Caffeine affects the entire body as a whole. In the digestive system, there is an increase in the absorption of nutrients, acceleration of peristalsis and increased production of gastric juice.

Everyone knows about the beneficial properties of caffeine for hypotensive patients - people with low blood pressure. The alkaloid stimulates the work of the heart muscle, while there is an increase in the release of blood into the vascular bed, the number of heart contractions increases. In some cases, tachycardia may develop.

The influence of the drink on urination is expressed. It is believed that caffeine has a weak diuretic effect.

Benefits for potency

Coffee belongs to the group of products that increase potency - aphrodisiacs. Even the aroma of grains causes sexual desire in both sexes.

A cup of an invigorating drink before intimacy increases stamina, sexual activity, erection strength and the duration of sexual intercourse.

Scientists from Brazil conducted an experiment on volunteers. The men were divided into groups drinking coffee twice a day and drinking water, tea, milk or juice.

The results confirmed that men who drink coffee are more active in intimate life and are more likely to conceive a child.The conclusion of this experiment is that coffee is useful for potency.

In scientific manuals, information pops up: caffeine acts as an anti-cancer agent in the body, helping to prevent the development of cancer of the prostate and other organs. Whether the drink helps with existing cancer is a moot point.

Important: instant coffee does not have the same effects as brewed coffee. Chemical treatment reduces beneficial properties, and increases undesirable ones.

Caffeine and coffee

Caffeine is one of the most widely and regularly used natural biologically active compounds, known since ancient times. Caffeine got its name from one of the main sources of origin - coffee beans (coffee contains over 1000 components that can affect human health). Other still used names for caffeine (theine, mateine, guaranine) are derived from its other plant sources (tea leaves, mate grass, guarana fruit)

There are different views on the health benefits of caffeine consumption, all of which are supported by medical observations, from claims of "an endless variety of beneficial effects for the mind, body and spirit" to warnings about the dangers of consuming caffeine, which works like classic drugs.

Caffeine, nicotine and alcohol make up the "legal triad" of psychoactive substances (PSA)

Caffeine is found in many foods and drinks: coffee, tea, cocoa-containing products (cocoa, dark and milk chocolate, chocolate milk, yogurt, cakes, sweets, etc.), maté, soda water (7-Up, Fanta, Tonic Water, Cola-containing drinks: Coca-Cola, Pepsi Cola, Afri Cola, Coke Zero, etc.), some alcoholic drinks, dietary supplements, frozen desserts, chips, chewing gums, etc. Recently, in the youth caffeine-containing energy drinks (Red Bull, Adrenaline Rush, etc.) "energy drinks", "energy drinks", "energy tonics") and "energy shots" ("energy shots") are rapidly gaining popularity in the environment.

In the instructions for medical use of the drug caffeine-sodium benzoate (international non-proprietary name - caffeine), the following indications are listed: decreased mental and physical performance, drowsiness, headache of vascular origin (including migraine), moderate arterial hypotension, respiratory depression (including mild poisoning with narcotic analgesics and sleeping pills, carbon monoxide, neonatal asphyxia), restoration of pulmonary ventilation after the use of general anesthesia, cilio-choroidal detachment in adults.

In cosmetology, caffeine has found wide application as an active component for the treatment of cellulite, mesotherapy, in make-up products, to stimulate blood circulation in the skin and hair growth (shampoos, creams, dietary supplements). In addition, caffeine is used in sports medicine for weight loss and as a performance enhancing drug. 74% of elite-level athletes report taking caffeine prior to competition. During the competition period, the International Olympic Committee limits the use of caffeine by athletes, fixing its maximum permissible level in the urine of 12 μg / ml.

Contraindications for the medical use of sodium caffeine benzoate include: hypersensitivity (including to other xanthines), anxiety disorders (agoraphobia, panic disorders), organic diseases of the cardiovascular system (including acute myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis), paroxysmal tachycardia, frequent ventricular extrasystole, arterial hypertension, sleep disturbances, children under 12 years of age (for the treatment of fatigue, drowsiness), children under 18 years of age (for subconjunctival administration); with caution: glaucoma, irritability, old age, epilepsy and a tendency to convulsive seizures, pregnancy and lactation.

The main effect of caffeine is stimulation of the central nervous system (CNS). Consider the mechanism of this effect of caffeine in a simplified form. The main target of caffeine in physiologically significant concentrations are adenosine receptors caffeine, showing affinity for the latter, blocks them for interaction with adenosine (it is generally accepted that caffeine is a competitive antagonist of adenosine, interacting with A1 and A2a receptors). The effect of adenosine itself in relation to the central nervous system, manifests itself through interaction with adenosine receptors of neurons and consists in slowing down ("inhibiting") the release of mediators that transmit nerve impulses from one nerve cell to another. This is the calming ("inhibiting") effect of adenosine on the body (without the calming and controlling effects of adenosine, nerve cells continue to be rapidly excited). Thus, caffeine, by blocking the action of adenosine, has a stimulating effect on the central nervous system.

You can learn more about the mechanisms and effects of adenosine on the central nervous system by reading:

1.article "Adenosine and P1-purinergic receptors of the CNS" by Yu.V. Kiselevsky, N.A. Oganesyan, Grodno State Medical University (Journal of GSMU 1 2003) read;

2. patent for invention (Drug intended for the treatment or prevention of diseases associated with adenosine receptors associated with the A2a adenosine receptor) read.

In addition to the above, caffeine also stabilizes transmission at dopaminergic synapses (psycho-stimulatory properties), beta-adrenergic synapses of the hypothalamus and medulla oblongata (increased tone of the vasomotor center), cholinergic synapses of the cortex (activation of cortical functions) and medulla oblongata (excitation respiratory center), in noradrenergic synapses (increased physical activity, anorexia).

Pay attention! With prolonged use of caffeine, "new" adenosine receptors are formed in neurons and the effect of caffeine gradually decreases (as an adaptation to a decrease in adenosine receptors not blocked by caffeine). However, with a sudden cessation of caffeine intake, adenosine occupies all available receptors (including newly formed ones), which can lead to increased inhibition with symptoms of fatigue, drowsiness, depression, etc.

The results of epidemiological studies, predominantly in healthy adults, indicate a wide range of sensitivity to caffeine in the population, which may be associated with polymorphisms of genes (see below) involved in the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of caffeine. Caffeine and especially its water-soluble salts after oral administration are rapidly and almost completely (99%) absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (mainly in the intestines). The rate of absorption of caffeine increases with increasing dose, and there is no significant first pass effect. Caffeine absorption is not affected by gender, genetics, liver disease, food, drugs, including alcohol. After the introduction of a single oral dose of caffeine (4 mg / kg), the maximum concentration (Cmax) of caffeine is determined in blood plasma after 15-45 minutes and persists for about 2 hours. When caffeine is consumed in doses of 1 to 2 mg / kg, its concentration in a person in the blood reaches values from 1 to 2 μg / ml, when using doses of 3 to 5 mg / kg, the concentration of caffeine in serum becomes 5 μg / ml. The achievement and retention of Cmax of caffeine after oral and intravenous administration of the drug are approximately the same.

Most regular caffeine users are thought to titrate their intake to maintain plasma caffeine levels that maximize the positive effects (increased mental performance, improved reaction time, increased motor activity, reduced fatigue and sleepiness) and minimized the negative, opposite effects. those that initially cause caffeine (feeling tired, drowsy, headache, nausea, rarely vomiting, etc.), that is, associated with withdrawal symptoms. Recognition of the behavioral effects of caffeine (eg, increased cognition, alertness, reaction time) in some subjects occurs already at doses of 10 mg.

Depending on the type and degree of processing of coffee beans, one cup of natural coffee contains from 60 to 120 mg of caffeine, and the same cup of instant coffee from 40 to 80 mg. The lethal dose of caffeine is 10 g. This amount is contained in 100 cups of coffee.

Caffeine content in various products:

Type of coffee mg caffeine:

European 115 175; black 80 135; soluble 65 100; black, decaffeinated 3 4; soluble, decaffeinated 2 3

Type of tea mg caffeine:

cold 70; black 60; black, U.S. 40; soluble 30

Deviations in the amount of caffeine per cup of coffee or tea are very large, even if the drink is prepared by the same person, with the same equipment, recipe, ingredients, day after day.

Product - weight (g) mg caffeine:

filled chocolate 28g 15; 3 heaping teaspoons chocolate powde

225g 8; 2 tablespoons chocolate syrup

225g 5; 1 pack (serving) cocoa

225g 5. According to the American National Soft Drinks Association, in a can of soda (

340ml) contains the following amount of caffeine (in milligrams):

Mountain Dew 54.0; Canada Mountain Dew 0; Coca-Cola 45.6; Diet Cola 45.6; Shasta Cherry Cola 44.4; Dr. Pepper 39.6; Pepsi Cola 38.4; Diet Pepsi 36.0; RC Cola 36.0; Diet RC 36.0; 7 up 0

Being a lipophilic substance, caffeine is rapidly distributed in all fluids and tissues of the body, easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier, placenta and other histohematological barriers, normally, without accumulating in tissues or organs. When a woman consumes caffeine during pregnancy, the concentration of caffeine in her blood and in the blood and tissues of the fetus are equalized.During lactation, a woman excretes caffeine in breast milk at a concentration of approximately 75% of the content in the mother's blood plasma, depending on the dose taken by her.

98% of caffeine undergoes biotransformation in the liver (demethylated, oxidized) with the formation of metabolites (paraxanthine, theobromine, theophylline, 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid, 1-methylxanthine, 1-methyluric acid, 5-acetylamino-6-formylamino -3-methyluracil, 1,7-dimethyluric acid). The main metabolite of caffeine in the human body (70-80%) is paraxanthine (1,7-dimethylxanthine).

The half-life (T1 / 2) of caffeine in healthy adult non-smokers is on average 4-5 hours, in pregnant women 10-20 hours, in full-term newborns about 80 hours, in premature babies 97.5 hours, in a child of 7 months of age it reaches values of an adult, in children 6-13 years old 2.3 hours. Compared with caffeine, paraxanthine, theobromine and theophylline have a longer T1 / 2. Caffeine and its metabolites are excreted mainly by the kidneys, unchanged in adults about 13%, in newborns - about 85%.

The major caffeine-metabolizing enzymes are cytochrome P450 1A2 isoenzyme (CYP1A2), N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), and xanthine oxidase (XO), whose activity can be determined by measuring levels of caffeine metabolites in the urine. In humans, the CYP1A2 enzyme is encoded by the CYP1A2 gene. The CYP1A2 gene is located on chromosome 15, locus 15q24.1. The expression and activity of CYP1A2 (and, accordingly, the sensitivity to caffeine and the volume of its consumption) can differ significantly (10,200 times) in different people, which reflects genetically determined differences in the constitutive and/or inducible expression of the CYP1A2 gene. About 10% of the general population are carriers of the gene with increased enzymatic activity, or "fast" caffeine metabolizers, who are likely to consume more than 400 mg of caffeine per day, while people with the CYP1A2 gene encoding normal activity are "slow". "caffeine metabolizers, and who typically consume less than 100mg of caffeine per day.

Under the influence of various factors, the genetically determined activity of CYP1A2 can change, slowing down or accelerating the metabolism of caffeine. Induction of CYP1A2 activity has been described due to exposure to tobacco smoking, dietary factors (polyaromatic hydrocarbons produced by grilling meat), certain drugs (rifampicin, proton pump inhibitors), etc. Three cups of coffee daily have been shown to increase CYP1A2 activity, and therefore, individuals who abuse coffee intake have higher CYP1A2 activity compared to those who drink little coffee. In diseases with chronic hepatitis, an increase in CYP1A2 activity was noted, in cirrhosis - its decrease. Quinolone antibiotics, carbamazepine, isoniazid, alcohol, fluvoxamine, sertraline, paroxetine, grapefruit juice, ginger, cruciferous vegetables are inhibitors of CYP1A2 activity, as a result of their use, caffeine metabolism slows down, T1 / 2 of caffeine lengthens. A decrease in clearance (excretion from the body) of caffeine was observed in women using oral contraceptives, in contrast to women not taking oral contraceptives.

Caffeine and pain. Caffeine, as an adjuvant, is widely used in combined painkillers, for example, Caffetin, Coldrex, Plivalgin, Solpadein, Pentalgin, Sedalgin, Trimol, Citramon, Citropack, etc. (an agent that is added to a drug to improve its effect is called an auxiliary adjuvant). It has been established that caffeine in the composition of the combined preparation, influencing the lipoxygenase pathway for the conversion of arachidonic acid, contributes to a moderate increase in anti-inflammatory activity (and therefore contributes to a decrease in the severity of pain). In addition, the therapeutic effect of caffeine is due to the inhibition of phosphodiesterase, which inactivates the cAMP second messenger. As a result, the concentration of calcium ions in smooth muscles changes, which is accompanied by the expansion of cerebral vessels.

Caffeine is often used in over-the-counter combination pain medications. It is believed that the addition of caffeine to such widely used analgesics as paracetamol, ibuprofen, acetylsalicylic acid enhances the analgesic effect. However, the evidence to support this is limited and often based on inadequate comparative studies. However, the evidence to support this is limited and often based on inadequate comparative studies. In this regard, the authors of the new systematic review of the Cochrane Collaboration "Caffeine to enhance the effect of analgesics in acute pain in adults" (Derry CJ et al., 2012) evaluated the analgesic effect of the combination analgesic + caffeine compared with that of the analgesic at the same dose in acute pain syndrome.As a result of a comprehensive search of published and unpublished results of relevant clinical trials, the authors identified and included in the systematic review data from 19 randomized double-blind clinical trials (7238 participants) of good methodological quality. Most of the studies used paracetamol or ibuprofen, and the dose of caffeine was 100-130 mg. The study involved patients with tension headache and migraine, pain after surgical dental interventions, episiotomy and childbirth, as well as algomenorrhea, acute sore throat (tosillopharyngitis). The authors of the review used the number of patients who achieved at least 50% of the maximum possible reduction in pain within 46 hours, or rated the effectiveness of treatment as good or excellent, or noted the absence of headache after 2 hours, as the main estimates of the analgesic effectiveness of interventions. Pooled data analysis found a small but statistically significant increase in analgesic pain relief when caffeine was added at a dose of 100 mg (approximately the amount found in a cup of coffee). This effect did not depend on the pathological condition that caused the pain syndrome or the analgesic used. As a result of adding caffeine to the analgesic, a good level of analgesia (at least 50% of the maximum possible) was achieved in an additional 5-10% of participants; as a result, the NNT was about 15. In the context of this review, NNT (Number Needed to Treat) is the number of patients with acute pain who need to be treated with an analgesic + caffeine combination in order to achieve a good level of analgesia in 1 patient. Thus, the use of caffeine (100 mg) in combination with commonly used analgesics (paracetamol or ibuprofen) provides a small (5-10%) but significant increase in the proportion of patients with acute pain who can achieve a good level of analgesia (Derry CJ, Derry S., Moore RA (2012) Caffeine as an analgesic adjuvant for acute pain in adults Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 3 Art No.: CD009281 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009281.pub2).

It should be noted that caffeine has a complex, often opposite effect on the cardiovascular system. By stimulating the vasomotor center, caffeine increases vascular tone, and with a direct effect on vascular smooth muscle, it reduces their tone, which should lead to a decrease in blood pressure (BP). Thus, caffeine has an ambiguous effect on different vascular areas and on blood pressure, since it depends on the cardiotropic, central and direct vascular effects of the drug. For example, coronary vessels most often dilate due to a direct antispasmodic effect. At the same time, the cerebral vessels are somewhat toned. The latter seems to explain the beneficial effects of caffeine on migraines. Currently, there are only a few completed clinical studies that have studied the relationship between coffee consumption and changes in cerebral circulation. Yu.V. Bardik, E.A. Seredenko (1985) showed that under normal blood pressure, caffeine causes vasodilation of the brain. Intravenous administration of caffeine as a vasodilator has been successfully used in cerebrovascular accidents, occurring as angiospasms, thrombosis, and cerebrovascular insufficiency. However, some authors consider caffeine to be a vasoconstrictor effect on cerebral vessels, which largely explains the beneficial effect of caffeine in migraine.

For more details, see the article "The Effect of Caffeine on Cerebral Circulation" by I.V. Kozachuk, journal "Bulletin of the Tambov University. Series: natural and technical sciences", v.15, issue 1, 2010 read

Caffeine as a neuroprotector. It is well known that coffee temporarily speeds up thought processes. There are studies showing the long-term effect of coffee on mental activity. A study published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease showed that patients with mild cognitive impairment and plasma caffeine levels >1200 ng/ml (3 to 5 cups of coffee per day were allowed) did not progress to dementia for the next 2 to 4 years . Relevant studies in mice show that caffeine inhibits the enzymes involved in the formation of beta-amyloid, while coffee consumption increases the levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-10 and interleukin-6, and cytokines also contribute to the manifestation of the above properties. Caffeinated coffee has long been considered a neuroprotective treatment for Parkinson's disease, and current research suggests that changes in the GRIN2A gene, which codes for glutamate receptors, affect the risk of developing Parkinson's disease in coffee drinkers.In addition, data presented this year at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Neurology showed that drinking 3 cups of coffee a day can prevent the formation of Lewy bodies, a preclinical pathological change in Parkinson's disease. Despite encouraging results in neurodegenerative diseases, caffeine intake has also been associated with a reduced age at onset of Huntington's disease.

Coffee as an antidepressant. A 2011 study shows that increasing coffee consumption can also be good for our mental health: Women who drank 2 to 3 cups of coffee a day had a 15% lower risk of developing depression compared to those who drank less than 1 cup per week. A 20% risk reduction was observed among those who drank 4 or more cups of coffee per day. The short-term effect of coffee on mood may be related to changes in serotonin and dopamine activity, although the mechanisms underlying its possible long-term effect on mood are likely related to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which play a role in the development of depressive disorders. .